.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been used to diminish the deleterious effects associated with aging by preventing the destruction of cartilage, bone, discs, and skin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-aging effect of a newly prepared GAG derived from bumblebee () queen (BTQG, 10 mg/kg). (Gb, cricket) GAG (GbG, 10 mg/kg) or glucosamine sulfate (GS) was used as a positive control.

Anti-cancer effect of dung beetle glycosaminoglycans on melanoma.

Background: Dung beetle glycosaminoglycan is known to possess anti-aging activities. However, its anti-cancer mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of insect-derived polymer dung beetle glycosaminoglycan (GAG) after intraperitoneally injecting it to melanoma mice induced by B16F10 cells.

Erratum to "Anti-Diabetic Effect of Dung Beetle Glycosaminoglycan on db Mice and Gene Expression Profiling" [Toxicol. Res. 34 (2018) 151-162].

[This corrects the article on p. 151 in vol. 34, PMID: 29686777.

Anti-Diabetic Effects of Dung Beetle Glycosaminoglycan on db Mice and Gene Expression Profiling.

Anti-diabetes activity of (Ca, a type of dung beetle) glycosaminoglycan (G) was evaluated to reduce glucose, creatinine kinase, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in db mice. Diabetic mice in six groups were administrated intraperitoneally: Db heterozygous (Normal), Db homozygous (CON), glycosaminoglycan (HEG, 5 mg/kg), dung beetle glycosaminoglycan (CaG, 5 mg/kg), bumblebee () queen glycosaminoglycan (IQG, 5 mg/kg) and metformin (10 mg/kg), for 1 month. Biochemical analyses in the serum were evaluated to determine their anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory actions in db mice after 1 month treatment with HEG, CaG or IQG treatments.

Anti-aging effect and gene expression profiling of dung beetle glycosaminoglycan in aged rats.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-aging effect of a newly prepared insect-derived compound, dung beetle glycosaminoglycan (GAG), given intraperitoneally to old SD rats as part of their diet for 1 month. Insect GAG administration was found to be related to a reduction in oxidative damage, hepato-cellular biomarker levels, protein carbonyl content, and malondialdehyde concentration. The anti-aging-related molecular genetic mechanisms of dung beetle GAG are not yet fully elucidated.

Anti-Obesity Effect of Bombus ignitus Queen Glycosaminoglycans in Rats on a High-Fat Diet.

The mechanism of functional insect glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on obesity caused a high fat diet has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, insect glycosaminoglycans derived from , (a type of bumblebee) queen, and were purified and investigated as a potential functional food. 14-week old male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks.

Antilipidemic effects and gene expression profiling of the glycosaminoglycans from cricket in rats on a high fat diet.

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) was studied as a potential health supplement. Antiatherosclerotic and antilipidemic effects of the GAG of G. bimaculatus (GbG, 5 or 10 mg/kg) were investigated in 15-week old Wistar rats treated with GbG for over a month.

Gene expression profiling and inhibition of adipose tissue accumulation of G. bimaculatus extract in rats on high fat diet.

Background: Molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract (GB) from G. bimaculatus, a type of cricket, are not fully elucidated. G.

Anti-aging Effect and Gene Expression Profiling of Aged Rats Treated with G. bimaculatus Extract.

Extract from Gryllus bimaculatus crickets inhibits oxidation at the DNA level, with reduced production of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Microarray analyses were performed with a rat 28K cDNA clone set array to identify the gene expression profiles of aged (10 months old) Wistar Kyoto rats treated for one month with 100 mg/kg G. bimaculatus ethanol extract to assess the effects.

Antidiabetic effects and gene expression profiling in obese mice treated with Isaria sinclairii over a 6-month period.

The molecular mechanisms underlying the glucose-lowering effects of Isaria sinclairii (Cicada Dongchunghacho), a fungus cultured on silkworm, are not fully elucidated. Thus the glucose-lowering effects of I. sinclairii as potential an antidiabetic agent were investigated in C57BL/6 obese (ob/ob) mice over a 6-mo period.

Gene-expression profiling of human mononuclear cells from welders using cDNA microarray.

A toxicogenomic chip developed to detect welding-related diseases was tested and validated for field trials. To verify the suitability of the microarray, white blood cells (WBC) or whole blood was purified and characterized from 20 subjects in the control group (average work experience of 7 yr) and 20 welders in the welding-fume exposed group (welders with an average work experience of 23 yr). Two hundred and fifty-three rat genes homologous to human genes were obtained and spotted on the chip slide.

Taurine-responsive genes related to signal transduction as identified by cDNA microarray analyses of HepG2 cells.

Taurine-induced changes in the expression profiles of HepG2 cells were assessed using a cDNA microarray technology, and confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses. Of 8,298 human genes on the microarray, 128 genes (87 known genes) were up-regulated, and 349 (206 known genes) were down-regulated more than 2.0-fold by taurine.

Inhibition of low density lipoprotein receptor expression by long-term exposure to phorbol ester via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

The proximal region -234 to (+58 bp) of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is responsible for its up-regulation by sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP). However, the mechanism of sterol-independent repression of LDLR has not been determined yet. In this study, we observed that there was an early induction and a later repression of LDLR by phorbol ester (PMA) in SK-Hep1 hepatocarcinoma cells and investigated the mechanisms through which PMA repressed LDLR transcription.

Gene-expression profiling using suppression-subtractive hybridization and cDNA microarray in rat mononuclear cells in response to welding-fume exposure.

Welders with radiographic pneumoconiosis abnormalities have shown a gradual clearing of the X-ray identified effects following removal from exposure. In some cases, the pulmonary fibrosis associated with welding fumes appears in a more severe form in welders. Accordingly, for the early detection of welding-fume-exposure-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the gene expression profiles of peripheral mononuclear cells from rats exposed to welding fumes were studied using suppression-subtractive hybridization (SSH) and a cDNA microarray.

Induction of orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 gene expression and its role in cadmium-induced apoptosis in lung.

Cadmium is an environmentally widely dispersed and highly toxic heavy metal that has been classified as a human carcinogen. Using the suppression subtractive hybridization technique, we identified previously 29 cadmium-inducible genes, primarily involved in inflammation, cell survival and apoptosis. Among these genes, we are particularly interested in Nor-1, because this gene belongs to the Nur77 family, which plays a key role in the apoptotic processes of a variety of cells and tissues, including the lung.

Identification of genes that are induced after cadmium exposure by suppression subtractive hybridization.

The heavy metal cadmium is a xenobiotic toxicant of environmental and occupational concern and it has been classified as a human carcinogen. Inhalation of cadmium has been implicated in the development of emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, but, the detailed mechanism by which cadmium induces adverse biological effects is not yet known. Therefore, we undertook the investigation of genes that are induced after cadmium exposure to illustrate the mechanism of cadmium toxicity.

Myo-inositol restores the inflammation-induced down-regulation of taurine transport by the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7.

The role of myo-inositol in the regulation of taurine transport in activated murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, was studied. Challenge of RAW 264.

Characterization of transcriptional activity of taurine transporter using luciferase reporter constructs.

Although taurine transporter (TAUT) activity has been known to be regulated by diverse intracellular and extracellular factors involved in the signal transduction pathway, such as protein kinase C, intracellular Ca concentration, and glucocorticoids, little is known concerning the underlying mechanisms. Evidence suggests that such stimulation-mediated changes in TAUT activity in mammalian cells are partly achieved through the modulation of TAUT transcription activity. In order to better understand the regulation of TAUT transcription activity and subsequently the role of taurine in the signal transduction pathway, we have cloned and sequenced the 5' flanking region of the human TAUT gene, and characterized the TAUT promoter region in human cells.

Finding of TRE (TPA responsive element) in the sequence of human taurine transporter promoter.

Activity of the taurine transporter (TAUT) is regulated by signal transduction in response to diverse stimuli including tumor promoters such as phobol ester. Regulation of the transcription rate of TAUT appears to play an important role in exerting biological roles of taurine in mammalian tissues in adverse environments. Although cDNA of human TAUT has been cloned and sequenced in placenta, thyroid cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells, the promoter region of TAUT has never been reported.

Anti-metastatic effects of fuzhengfangaitang on human fibrosarcoma cells HT1080.

Fuzhengfangaitang (FZFAT) is used to inhibit recurrence and metastasis of cancer in the clinic. By applying an in vitro invasion assay model, we examined the antimetastatic effect of FZFAT. In the 3H-thymidine incorporation assay, FZFAT-treated groups showed a decreased DNA synthesis rate compared with the control group (F-value 87.