The SUV is a measure of FDG uptake and is related with tumor aggressiveness in thyroid cancer, however, its association with molecular pathways is unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between SUV and gene expression profiles in 80 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. We conducted an analysis of DEGs and enriched pathways in relation to SUV and tumor size.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSkeletal muscle fibers regulate surrounding endothelial cells (EC) via secretion of numerous angiogenic factors, including extracellular vesicles (SkM-EV). Muscle fibers are broadly classified as oxidative (OXI) or glycolytic (GLY) depending on their metabolic characteristics. OXI fibers secrete more pro-angiogenic factors and have greater capillary densities than GLY fibers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment is regulated by various factors, including protein methylation status. While PRMT5 is well known for its roles in oncogenesis by mediating symmetric di-methylation of arginine, its role in normal development remains elusive. Using Myod1 to drive Prmt5 knockout in embryonic myoblasts (Prmt5), we dissected the role of PRMT5 in myogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCold stimulation dynamically remodels mitochondria in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to facilitate non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals, but what regulates mitochondrial plasticity is poorly understood. Comparing mitochondrial proteomes in response to cold revealed FAM210A as a cold-inducible mitochondrial inner membrane protein. An adipocyte-specific constitutive knockout of Fam210a (Fam210a) disrupts mitochondrial cristae structure and diminishes the thermogenic activity of BAT, rendering the Fam210a mice vulnerable to lethal hypothermia under acute cold exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMitochondria are not only essential for energy production in eukaryocytes but also a key regulator of intracellular signaling. Here, we report an unappreciated role of mitochondria in regulating cytosolic protein translation in skeletal muscle cells (myofibers). We show that the expression of mitochondrial protein FAM210A (Family With Sequence Similarity 210 Member A) is positively associated with muscle mass in mice and humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSkeletal muscle plays a key role in systemic energy homeostasis besides its contractile function, but what links these functions is poorly defined. Protein Arginine Methyl Transferase 5 (PRMT5) is a well-known oncoprotein but also expressed in healthy tissues with unclear physiological functions. As adult muscles express high levels of Prmt5, we generated skeletal muscle-specific Prmt5 knockout (Prmt5 ) mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe thyroid gland plays a critical role in the maintenance of whole-body metabolism. However, aging frequently impairs homeostatic maintenance by thyroid hormones due to increased prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. To understand the specific aging-related changes of endocrine function in thyroid epithelial cells, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of 54 726 cells derived from pathologically normal thyroid tissues from 7 patients who underwent thyroidectomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaehan Yongsang Uihakhoe Chi
November 2021
Cardiac tumors are rare diseases with various imaging findings. However, differentiating cardiac tumors based on imaging findings is challenging because of similarities in imaging features. We present two cases of cardiac tumors, including primary cardiac lymphoma and cardiac metastasis, in which the differential diagnosis was difficult.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThyroid cancer is associated with genetic alterations, e.g. BRAF , which may cause carcinomatous changes in hormone-secreting epithelial cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObesity and metabolic disorders caused by energy surplus pose an increasing concern within the global population. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy through mitochondrial non-shivering thermogenesis, thus representing a powerful agent against obesity. Here we explore the novel role of a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, LETM1-domain containing 1 (LETMD1), in BAT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
February 2022
Primary cilia are sensory organelles with a variety of receptors and channels on their membranes. Recently, primary cilia were proposed to be crucial sites for exocytosis and endocytosis of vesicles associated with endocytic control of various ciliary signaling pathways. Thyroglobulin (Tg) synthesis and Tg exocytosis/endocytosis are critical for the functions of thyroid follicular cells, where primary cilia are relatively well preserved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe skeletal muscle is key for body mobility and motor performance, but aging and diseases often lead to progressive loss of muscle mass due to wasting or degeneration of muscle cells. Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) represent a population of tissue stem cells residing in the skeletal muscles and are responsible for homeostatic maintenance and regeneration of skeletal muscles. Growth, injury, and degenerative signals activate MuSCs, which then proliferate (proliferating MuSCs are called myoblasts), differentiate and fuse with existing multinuclear muscle cells (myofibers) to mediate muscle growth and repair.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe primary cilium is well-preserved in human differentiated thyroid cancers such as papillary and follicular carcinoma. Specific thyroid cancers such as Hürthle cell carcinoma, oncocytic variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and PTC with Hashimoto's thyroiditis show reduced biogenesis of primary cilia; these cancers are often associated the abnormalities in mitochondrial function. Here, we examined the association between primary cilia and the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVolumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries characterized by critical loss of skeletal muscle tissues result in severe functional impairment. Current treatments involving use of muscle grafts are limited by tissue availability and donor site morbidity. In this study, we designed and synthesized an implantable glycosaminoglycan-based hydrogel system consisting of thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA) and thiolated chondroitin sulfate (CS) cross-linked with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate to promote skeletal muscle regeneration of VML injuries in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNerve cells secrete neurotrophic factors that play a critical role in neuronal survival, proliferation, and regeneration. However, their role in regulating myoblast behavior and skeletal muscle repair remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PC12 secreted signaling factors in modulating C2C12 myoblast behavior under physiologically relevant conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subgroup that lacks the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Certain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of TNBC might reflect the poor prognosis of TNBC. Standardized uptake value (SUV) of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography is 1 of predictive prognostic factors for breast cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptimized glaucoma therapy requires frequent monitoring and timely lowering of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). A recently developed microscale IOP-monitoring implant, when illuminated with broadband light, reflects a pressure-dependent optical spectrum that is captured and converted to measure IOP. However, its accuracy is limited by background noise and the difficulty of modeling non-linear shifts of the spectra with respect to pressure changes.
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