Astrocytic pleiotrophin deficiency in the prefrontal cortex contributes to stress-induced depressive-like responses in male mice.

Astrocytes are closely linked to depression, and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an important brain region involved in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the underlying mechanism by which astrocytes within PFC contribute to MDD remains unclear. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing analyses, we show a significant reduction in astrocytes and attenuated pleiotrophin-protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z1 (PTN-PTPRZ1) signaling in astrocyte-to-excitatory neuron communication in the PFC of male MDD patients.

Biomimetic multilayered polymeric heart valve featuring ultra-thin thickness and exceptional durability.

The transcatheter aortic valve replacement technique has rapidly developed in clinical practice, with its indications expanding to low-risk populations and younger patients. The durability of valve materials has emerged as a critical requirement from a clinical perspective and a research focus in interventional valves. Polymeric heart valves exhibit a promising future because of their enhanced durability and reduced cost.

Chronic diarrhea related to neuroblastoma: the important role of vasoactive intestinal peptide in tumor pathology and survival.

Background: To analyze the correlation between vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) protein expression in neuroblastoma (NB) tumors and NB clinical features and prognosis.

Methods: Clinical data were collected from 91 patients with NB aged < 18 years who underwent tumor resection at the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between January 2015 and December 2021. VIP expression levels in tumor tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between VIP expression intensity and NB clinical characteristics and prognosis was analyzed.

Decreased brain interstitial fluid dynamics is associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive decline.

Background: Diffusion-tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index that has the potential to reflect brain interstitial fluid (ISF) dynamics may predict the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We aimed to study whether brain ISF dynamics indicated by the ALPS index relate to AD dementia diagnosis and AD-related changes.

Methods: This study included a discovery cohort (n = 180) and a validation cohort (n = 127), which were composed of cognitively normal, subjective memory concern, mild cognitive impairment, and AD dementia subjects.

A Novel Selenium-Based Nanozyme (GSH-Se) Ameliorates Colitis in Mice by Modulating the Nrf2/Keap1 and GPx4 Pathways.

Combination of selenium (Se) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) can reduce the dose of Se used while concurrently exploiting their antioxidative performance, which can be used as a potential treatment for ulcerative colitis. Nanozymes possess higher stability, are more economical, and have more multifunctionalities than natural enzymes and thus could be an ideal approach for their combination. Therefore, this study synthesised a nanozyme using glutathione (GSH) and Se-GSH-Se-and evaluated its alleviating effects on colitis in mice induced by dextran sulphate sodium salt (DSS).

Aggregation-Induced Photosensitization of Long-Chain-Substituted Osmium Complexes for Lysosomes Targeting Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for cancer treatment. Seeking organelle-targeting photosensitizers (PSs) with robust reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is extremely in demand. Herein, we propose an aggregation-induced photosensitization strategy for effective PDT with osmium complexes.

Investigating the Effects of TRPV4 and Ca1.2 Channels in 3D Culture for Promoting the Differentiation of BMSCs at Various Stages.

Hydrogel, as the most suitable bio-scaffold material for simulating extracellular matrix, can be used to study the influence of material mechanical properties on cell behavior under 3D conditions. Mechanical stimulation plays an important role in cartilage differentiation, especially for the mechanosensitive cell-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Currently, TRPV4 and Cav1.

Loss of the cytochrome b6f subunit PetN destabilizes the complex and severely impairs state transitions in Anabaena variabilis.

The cytochrome b6f complex (Cyt b6f) plays pivotal roles in both linear and cyclic electron transport of oxygenic photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria. The four large subunits of Cyt b6f are responsible for organizing the electron transfer chain within Cyt b6f and have their counterparts in the cytochrome bc1 complex in other bacteria. The four small subunits of Cyt b6f are unique to oxygenic photosynthesis, and their functions remain to be elucidated.

The functions and modifications of tRNA-derived small RNAs in cancer biology.

Recent progress in noncoding RNA research has highlighted transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) as key regulators of gene expression, linking them to numerous cellular functions. tsRNAs, which are produced by ribonucleases such as angiogenin and Dicer, are classified based on their size and cleavage positions. They play diverse regulatory roles at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels.

A Novel Coating-Extrusion Method Enabled, High Energy, Power Density, and Scalable Production in Monolithically Integrated Energy Storage Fibers.

The rise of wearable electronics demands flexible energy storage solutions like flexible fiber energy storage devices (FESDs), known for their flexibility and portability. However, it remains difficult for existing fabrication methods (typically, finite-coating, thermal-drawing, and solution-extrusion) to simultaneously achieve desirable electrochemical performances and fast production of FESDs. Here, a new scalable coating-extrusion method is developed, utilizing a novel extruded spinneret with tapered apertures to create dual pressure zones.

Case Report and Literature Review of 10 Pediatric Cases of Knee Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis.

Objective: This study was aimed to analyze 10 pediatric cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the knee to elucidate their clinical features, diagnosis, treatments, and prognosis for providing reference regarding its clinical management in children.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was made pertaining to the clinical manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, pathology, immunohistochemical results, treatment methods, and follow-up outcomes of 10 pediatric PVNS patients of the knee treated from January 2022 to January 2024 at our hospital. They were compared and analyzed with existing literature.

The Impact of Post-stroke Depression and Physical Fatigue on Functional Status.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability globally, with post-stroke depression and physical fatigue recognized as prominent complications affecting recovery and rehabilitation. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the impact of post-stroke depression and physical fatigue on the functional outcomes of individuals who have experienced stroke.

Methods: This research involved a retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients with stroke admitted to Taihe County People's Hospital between January 2022 and May 2023.

Assessment of ecological risk under different SSP-RCP scenarios of the Xinjiang province in China.

The ecological research of regional land use and land cover change (LULCC) under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios proposed by the IPCC has become a prominent topic. This study investigates the spatial distribution of ecological risks associated with land use and land cover changes in the arid and semi-arid regions of Xinjiang under future SSP-RCP scenarios. In this paper, LUCC data, climate data, and soil and topographic data under different scenarios in 2100 were adopted to construct the land use/land cover quality index (LQI), the climate quality index (CQI), and the soil quality index (SQI) respectively.

Structure-Guided design of Cas12a variants improves detection of nucleic acids.

CRISPR-Cas12a holds promising potential for pathogen detection. However, its performance is not optimal when combined with isothermal amplification. Hence, we engineered a mutant of LbCas12a (K595A) with reduced -cleavage activity, to minimize interference with isothermal amplification.

Drying-free inkjet printing of cotton fabrics through controlling the diffusion of dye inks in wet sodium alginate films.

Natural polymer pretreatment was the essential process to enhance the quality of textile inkjet printing. However, the drying in the pretreatment process results in large energy consumption and high cost. Here, the inkjet printing quality of the sodium alginate (SA) treated and the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) treated cotton fabrics without drying was investigated to develop a drying-free pretreat method.

Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Molecules of Ficus tikoua and their Combined Effect: Bioassay-Guided Isolation, In Vitro and In Silico Analysis.

Ficus tikoua has high medicinal and edible value. Our previous study had demonstrated its antidiabetic properties, but the specific active molecules and their mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, five active compounds, namely marmesin glycoside (1), quercetin (2), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide-6''-methyl ester (3), (-)-epicatechin (4), (+)-epicatechin (5), were isolated by bioassay-guided method and identified.

Combined impact of neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) and cognitive function on all-cause mortality in older adults: a population-based study.

Background: The neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) has emerged as a potential biomarker for chronic disease outcomes. Cognitive impairment is a major contributor to mortality in older adults. However, the combined effect of NHR and cognitive function on all-cause mortality remains unclear.

HAT1/HDAC2 mediated ACSL4 acetylation confers radiosensitivity by inducing ferroptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Protein acetylation modification plays important roles in various aspects of tumor progression. Ferroptosis driven by lethal lipid peroxidation is closely related to tumor development. Targeting ferroptosis has become a promising strategy.

Elucidating ozone formation mechanisms in the central Yangtze River Delta region, China: Urban and rural differences.

Surface ozone (O) pollution has become a pressing air quality issue in eastern China in recent years. However, studies comparing O formation in urban and rural areas remain limited. This study presents a field campaign focusing on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) conducted at two sites in the central Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region during the warm season (June to August) of 2023.

Bifunctional transition-metal catalysts for energy-saving hydrogen generation from nitrogenous wastewater.

Wastewater from industrial chemical synthesis, agricultural activities, and domestic sewage usually contains high levels of nitrogenous compounds, endangering environmental health and human well-being. Nitrogenous wastewater electrolysis (NWE), despite its ecological merits, is inherently hampered by sluggish kinetics. To improve process efficiency, lower costs, and avoid cross-contamination between the anode and cathode, a range of bifunctional transition-metal catalysts capable of efficient operation at both electrodes have recently been developed.

An early prediction model for gestational diabetes mellitus created using machine learning algorithms.

Objective: To investigate high-risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy through an analysis of demographic and clinical data, and to develops a machine-learning-based prediction model to enhance early diagnosis and intervention.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed involving 942 pregnant women. A stacking ensemble (machine learning [ML]) was applied to demographic and clinical variables, creating a predictive model for GDM.

C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and Glasgow Coma Scale score as the predictors for weaning outcomes in traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To identify the prognostic value of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CRP/ALB, CAR) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score in the weaning outcomes of mechanical ventilation (MV) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Medical records of patients with TBI who were hospitalized at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University between January 2018 and September 2023 were collected and analysed. The patients were divided into the weaning success group and the weaning failure group.

Regulating Asymmetric Charge Distribution in CuMoS Nanosheets for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO Reduction.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO to high-value-added chemicals represents a promising strategy for effective CO utilization, and rationally regulating the electronic structure of the catalyst is the key to enhancing photocatalytic performance. Herein, it is demonstrated that in situ doping of atomic indium into the lattice of the CuMoS catalyst results in remarkable enhancements in photocatalytic CO reduction performance. A record gas product yield of 104.

Ultrasound-Driven Nitric Oxide Generation for Enhanced Sonodynamic-Photothermal Therapy.

Recently, green gas therapy based on nitric oxide (NO) has gained considerable attention in cancer treatment. The supplementation of exogenous NO and its controlled release represent promising strategies for adjuvant tumor therapy. In this study, we developed a novel ultrasound (US)-triggered NO generation and release nanoplatform that integrates NO therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy (PTT) into a collaborative therapeutic modality.

A novel scheme for non-invasive drug delivery with a magnetically controlled drug delivering capsule endoscope.

There is a lack of effective means for precise drug delivery of gastrointestinal diseases. Herein we report a novel magnetically controlled drug delivering capsule endoscope (MDCE) to achieve precision drug delivery for gastrointestinal diseases. MDCE integrates a drug delivery system into conventional capsule endoscope.