Two-dimensional Cu Plates with Steady Fluid Fields for High-rate Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia and Efficient Zn-Nitrate Batteries.

Nitrate electroreduction reaction (eNO RR) to ammonia (NH) provides a promising strategy for nitrogen utilization, while achieving high selectivity and durability at an industrial scale has remained challenging. Herein, we demonstrated that the performance of eNO RR could be significantly boosted by introducing two-dimensional Cu plates as electrocatalysts and eliminating the general carrier gas to construct a steady fluid field. The developed eNO RR setup provided superior NH Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 99 %, exceptional long-term electrolysis for 120 h at 200 mA cm, and a record-high yield rate of 3.

Surface Adsorption and Proton Chemistry of Ultra-Stabilized Aqueous Zinc-Manganese Dioxide Batteries.

Aqueous rechargeable Zinc (Zn) batteries incorporating MnO cathodes possess favorable sustainability properties and are being considered for low-cost, high-safety energy storage. However, unstable electrode structures and unclear charge storage mechanisms limit their development. Here, advanced transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical analysis, and theoretical calculations are utilized to study the working mechanisms of a Zn/MnO battery with a Co -stabilized, tunnel-structured α-MnO cathode (Co MnO ).

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the accessory pancreatic duct in the pancreas uncinate process: A case report.

Rationale: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) of the accessory pancreatic duct (APD) are very rare and their clinical significance is not known. Here, we describe a case of IPMN originating in a branch of the duct of APD within the uncinate process of the pancreas, which initially presented with acute pancreatitis.

Patient Concerns: A 70-year-old man visited our medical center presenting with acute pancreatitis around the head and uncinate process of the pancreas.

A laser absorption spectroscopy chamber system based on closed dynamic chamber method for multi-point synchronous monitoring ammonia emissions.

This study reports on the field testing of a newly and originally designed laser absorption spectroscopy chamber (LASC) system based on closed dynamic chamber method, which is well suited for multi-point synchronous measurement of ammonia emissions in field multiple plot experiment. Main design feature of the LASC system is individual multi-reflection cells for each chamber, achieving the synchronous in-situ monitoring ammonia emissions of all the chambers. Two movable covers for automated opening and closing of the chamber, and the highly transparent chamber walls made of acrylic plate minimize the disturbance of the chamber deployment on the ammonia transport process in the chamber.

N-acetylcysteine in the Donor, Recipient, or Both Donor and Recipient in Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Background: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a potentially effective drug for treating ischemia-reperfusion injury in transplanted livers, but its effect remains controversial.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant clinical trials published and registered in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrial.gov , WHO ICTRP, etc, before March 20, 2022 were conducted and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022315996).

A cascade eye diseases screening system with interpretability and expandability in ultra-wide field fundus images: A multicentre diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: Clinical application of artificial intelligence is limited due to the lack of interpretability and expandability in complex clinical settings. We aimed to develop an eye diseases screening system with improved interpretability and expandability based on a lesion-level dissection and tested the clinical expandability and auxiliary ability of the system.

Methods: The four-hierarchical interpretable eye diseases screening system (IEDSS) based on a novel structural pattern named lesion atlas was developed to identify 30 eye diseases and conditions using a total of 32,026 ultra-wide field images collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine (SAHZU), the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (FAHUSTC), and the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University (APHNU) in China between November 1, 2016 to February 28, 2022.

Nitric oxide detection using principal component analysis spectral structure matching to the UV derivative spectrum.

Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy is widely applied in real-time environmental monitoring, especially in diesel vehicle nitrogen monoxide (NO) emissions. However, in field experiments, UV absorption spectrum may exist for different degrees of drifts. Spectral jitters may exist for various reasons such as optical power variation, electrical signal drift, and the refractive index jitters of the optical path for an extended period of time, which causes the detection system to be calibrated.

How phenol stresses anammox for the treatment of ammonia-rich wastewater: Phenomena, microbial community evolution and molecular modeling.

Phenol is a biotoxic organic compound and found in large quantities in ammonia-rich wastewater discharged from coking and petrochemical industries. In this work, phenol was fed to the system of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox), and the possible inhibitory mechanism was speculated using the characterization of granular sludge, analysis of microbial community and molecular docking simulations. The results showed that phenol (0-300 mg/L) did not significantly inhibit anammox.

Simultaneous removal of fluoride, manganese and iron by manganese oxide supported activated alumina: characterization and optimization via response surface methodology.

Fluoride, iron and manganese simultaneous exceedance of standard can be observed in groundwater in northeastern China. This work aims to apply a highly efficient method combining adsorption and oxidation for the synchronous removal of the inorganic ions. An innovative adsorbent (manganese-supported activated alumina) was synthesized by the impregnation method and showed a significant adsorption capacity better than that of fresh activated alumina.

Atomistic Insights of Irreversible Li Intercalation in MnO Electrode.

Tunnel-structured MnO represents open-framed electrode materials for reversible energy storage. Its wide application is limited by its poor cycling stability, whose structural origin is unclear. We tracked the structure evolution of β-MnO upon Li ion insertion/extraction by combining advanced in situ diagnostic tools at both electrode level (synchrotron X-ray scattering) and single-particle level (transmission electron microscopy).

Transcriptomic analyses of the acute aerial and ammonia stress response in the gill and liver of large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus).

The large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) is one of the most commercially important cultured species. Ammonia nitrogen accumulation is one of the key issue which limited production and animal health in aquaculture, but few of information is available on the molecular mechanisms of ammonia detoxification. We performed transcriptomic analyses of the gill and liver of large-scale loach subjected to 48 h of aerial and ammonia exposure.

RNF31 mediated ubiquitination of A20 aggravates inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Inflammatory cytokine storm is one of the main pathogenesis of acute liver injury, and accumulating evidence suggests that the E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 31 (RNF31) plays an important regulatory role in the activation of inflammatory pathways. We found that RNF31 expression was up-regulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated HL-7702 cells. Western blotting results showed decreased expression of RNF31 and total ubiquitinated proteins after transfection of si-RNF31.

High concentrations of environmental ammonia induced changes in large-scale loach () immunity.

High concentrations of environmental ammonia can cause reduced immunity and death in fish, causing enormous economic losses. Air-breathing fish usually have a high ammonia tolerance and are very suitable for high-density fish farming. However, research on the effects of environmental ammonia on air-breathing fish immunity is lacking.

Automatic detection of leakage point in central serous chorioretinopathy of fundus fluorescein angiography based on time sequence deep learning.

Purpose: To detect the leakage points of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) automatically from dynamic images of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) using a deep learning algorithm (DLA).

Methods: The study included 2104 FFA images from 291 FFA sequences of 291 eyes (137 right eyes and 154 left eyes) from 262 patients. The leakage points were segmented with an attention gated network (AGN).

A Novel Automatic Morphologic Analysis of Eyelids Based on Deep Learning Methods.

: To propose a deep-learning-based approach to automatically and objectively evaluate morphologic eyelid features using two-dimensional(2D) digital photographs and to assess the agreement between automatic and manual measurements.: The 2D photographs of 1378 normal Asian participants (2756 eyes) were included for training, validating and testing the cornea and eyelid segmentation network. Margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and margin reflex distance 2 (MRD2) of 406 eyes from 203 participants were manually evaluated by 3 ophthalmologists and the photographs of 406 eyes were measured automatically for 8 morphologic eyelid features.

Automatic detection of non-perfusion areas in diabetic macular edema from fundus fluorescein angiography for decision making using deep learning.

Vision loss caused by diabetic macular edema (DME) can be prevented by early detection and laser photocoagulation. As there is no comprehensive detection technique to recognize NPA, we proposed an automatic detection method of NPA on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in DME. The study included 3,014 FFA images of 221 patients with DME.

Prediction of response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in diabetic macular oedema using an optical coherence tomography-based machine learning method.

Purpose: To predict the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapeutic response of diabetic macular oedema (DME) patients from optical coherence tomography (OCT) at the initiation stage of treatment using a machine learning-based self-explainable system.

Methods: A total of 712 DME patients were included and classified into poor and good responder groups according to central macular thickness decrease after three consecutive injections. Machine learning models were constructed to make predictions based on related features extracted automatically using deep learning algorithms from OCT scans at baseline.

Adaptive monostable stochastic resonance for processing UV absorption spectrum of nitric oxide.

When ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy technology is used for nitric oxide (NO) detection, the background noise will directly affect the accuracy of concentration inversion, especially in low concentrations. Traditional processing methods attempt to eliminate background noise, which damages the absorption spectrum characteristics. However, stochastic resonance (SR) can utilize the noise to extract a weak characteristic signal.

Multi-label classification of retinal lesions in diabetic retinopathy for automatic analysis of fundus fluorescein angiography based on deep learning.

Purpose: To automatically detect and classify the lesions of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) images using deep learning algorithm through comparing 3 convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

Methods: A total of 4067 FFA images from Eye Center at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were annotated with 4 kinds of lesions of DR, including non-perfusion regions (NP), microaneurysms, leakages, and laser scars. Three CNNs including DenseNet, ResNet50, and VGG16 were trained to achieve multi-label classification, which means the algorithms could identify 4 retinal lesions above at the same time.

Automatic and Fast Recognition of On-Road High-Emitting Vehicles Using an Optical Remote Sensing System.

Optical remote sensing systems (RSSs) for monitoring vehicle emissions can be installed on any road and provide non-contact on-road measurements, that allow law enforcement departments to monitor emissions of a large number of on-road vehicles. Although many studies in different research fields have been performed using RSSs, there has been little research on the automatic recognition of on-road high-emitting vehicles. In general, high-emitting vehicles and low-emitting vehicles are classified by fixed emission concentration cut-points, that lack a strict scientific basis, and the actual cut-points are sensitive to environmental factors, such as wind speed and direction, outdoor temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and so on.

Anion Specificity Effects on the Interfacial Aggregation Behavior of Poly(lauryl acrylate)--poly(-isopropylacrylamide).

Aggregation behavior of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(lauryl acrylate)--poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (PLA--PNIPAM) on neutral aqueous subphases with different salt species and salt concentrations, as well as the structures of its Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, were systematically studied. The presence of NaCl or NaSO in subphases makes PNIPAM chains shrink on the water surface and reduce their solubility underwater. On the contrary, the presence of NaNO or NaSCN makes PNIPAM chains more stretched on water and increase their solubility underwater, whose stretch degree and solubility both increase with the increase of salt concentration.

Research on the spectral phase correction method for the atmospheric detection in open space.

During the atmospheric detection process in open space, the excessive phase noise is introduced into the signal, due to the atmospheric turbulence, which causes the intensity and phase fluctuation. In the previous study, a spectral data processing method based on the co-frequency and dual-wave has been used to reduce the influence of the scintillation noise from the atmospheric turbulence in open space, while the influence of the phase noise remains to be solved. So the wavelength modulated signal is theoretically analyzed at first.

Laser absorption spectroscopy data processing method based on co-frequency and dual-wavelength and its application.

In the detection process of atmospheric laser absorption spectroscopy in open space, the transmitted beam is inevitably affected by atmospheric turbulence, resulting in superimposed fluctuation noise in the received optical signal. First, the correction method of atmospheric turbulence is theoretically analyzed. In order to reduce the error influence factors and the error transfer coefficient, a new method of spectral data processing based on co-frequency and dual-wave has been proposed.

A fuzzy logic urea dosage controller design for two-cell selective catalytic reduction systems.

Diesel engines have dominated in the heavy-duty vehicular and marine power source. However, the induced air pollution is a big problem. As people's awareness of environmental protection increasing, the emission regulations of diesel-engine are becoming more stringent.