[Evaluation of gastric emptying after drinking carbohydrates before cesarean section by gastric ultrasonography].

Objective: To investigate the effect of gastric antrum ultrasonography in evaluating gastric emptying after oral administration of 300 mL carbohydrates two hours before cesarean section, and to analyze the risk factors of gastric emptying in pregnant women.

Methods: From August 2020 to February 2021, a total of 80 patients, aged 22-43 years, body mass index (BMI) < 35 kg/m, gestational age≥36 weeks, falling into American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for cesarean sections in Peking University International Hospital were recruited and divided into two groups: the intervention group (=40)and the control group (=40). In the intervention group, solid food was restricted after 22:00, the patients were required to take 300 mL carbohydrates two hours before cesarean section.

[Effect of preoperative carbohydrates intake on the gastric volume and the risk of reflux aspiration in patients positioning in trendelenburg undergoing gynecological laparoscopic procedures].

Objective: To investigate the effect of 300 mL carbohydrates intake two hours before sur-gery on the gastric volume (GV) in patients positioning in trendelenburg undergoing gynecological laparoscopic procedures by using gastric antrum sonography, and further assess the risk of reflux aspiration.

Methods: From June 2020 to February 2021, a total of 80 patients, aged 18-65 years, body mass index (BMI) 18-35 kg/m, falling into American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for gynecological laparoscopic procedures positioning in trendelenburg were recruited and divided into two groups: the observation group ( =40) and the control group (=40). In the observation group, solid food was restricted after 24:00, the patients were required to take 300 mL carbohydrates two hours before surgery.

Non-invasive detection of a femoral-to-radial arterial pressure gradient in intensive care patients with vasoactive agents.

Background: In patient requiring vasopressors, the radial artery pressure may underestimate the true central aortic pressure leading to unnecessary interventions. When using a femoral and a radial arterial line, this femoral-to-radial arterial pressure gradient (FR-APG) can be detected. Our main objective was to assess the accuracy of non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measures; specifically, measuring the gradient between the NIBP obtained at the brachial artery and the radial artery pressure and calculating the non-invasive brachial-to-radial arterial pressure gradient (NIBR-APG) to detect an FR-APG.

Comparison of hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with the GlideScope videolaryngoscope and the Macintosh direct laryngoscope.

Study Objectives: To identify the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation using a GlideScope videolaryngoscope (GSVL) in healthy adults, and to determine whether the GSVL could attenuate the hemodynamic response to orotracheal intubation compared with the Macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDLS).

Design: Randomized study.

Setting: Operating room, Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Assessment of small-dose fentanyl and sufentanil blunting the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and intubation in children.

Background: The authors found no study assessing the efficacy of small-dose narcotics on the cardiovascular response from intubation in children, so they observed the effects of fentanyl 2 microg x kg(-1) and sufentanil 0.2 microg x kg(-1) on the cardiovascular changes during laryngoscopy and intubation in children.

Methods: Ninety-three children aged 3-9 years were randomized to one of three groups to receive the following treatments in a double-blind manner: normal saline (group C), fentanyl 2 microg x kg(-1) (group F) and sufentanil 0.

Cricoid pressure impedes insertion of, and ventilation through, the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway in anesthetized, paralyzed patients.

Background: We designed this prospective self-controlled study to assess whether cricoid pressure hampers placement of and ventilation through the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (ProSeal LMA) in anesthetized, paralyzed adult patients.

Methods: After induction of anesthesia, the ProSeal LMA was inserted using the introducer tool with cricoid pressure advanced as far as possible, and the cuff pressure was set at 60 cm H2O. Ventilation adequacy and anatomic position were scored using measures previously described for ProSeal LMA assessment.

Circulatory responses to fiberoptic intubation in anesthetized children: a comparison of oral and nasal routes.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated a significant difference in the circulatory responses in adults to fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation (FNI) and fiberoptic orotracheal intubation (FOI). But, it is unknown whether there is a clinically relevant difference in the circulatory responses in children to these two intubation methods.

Methods: In this randomized clinical study, we compared the arterial blood pressure and heart rate changes during FNI and FOI in 66 children, ASA physical status I-II, aged 3-9 yr scheduled for elective plastic surgery.