Integration of Deep Learning and Sub-regional Radiomics Improves the Prediction of Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients.

Rationale And Objectives: The precise prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is crucial for tailoring perioperative treatment in patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This retrospective study aims to develop and validate a model that integrates deep learning and sub-regional radiomics from MRI imaging to predict pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with LARC.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 768 eligible participants from three independent hospitals who had received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery.

Young Goji Fruit Volatiles Regulate the Oviposition Behavior and Chemosensory Gene Expression of Gravid Female .

The goji fruit fly, , is a major pest on the well-known medicinal plant . Dissecting the molecular mechanisms of the oviposition selection of regarding the host plant will help to identify new strategies for pest fly control. However, the molecular mechanism of chemical communication between the goji fruit fly and the host goji remains unclear.

Reprogramming of Treg cell-derived small extracellular vesicles effectively prevents intestinal inflammation from PANoptosis by blocking mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the alimentary tract without exact etiology. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) derived from mitochondrial dysfunction impair intestinal barrier function, increase gut permeability, and facilitate immune cell invasion, and, therefore, are considered to have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Here, we reprogrammed regulatory T cell (Treg)-derived exosomes loaded with the antioxidant trace element selenium (Se) and decorated them with the synthetic mitochondria-targeting SS-31 tetrapeptide via a peptide linker.

Boosting High Electric Breakdown Strength for Excellent Energy Storage Performance in BiNaTiO-Based Lead-Free Ceramics via a High Entropy Strategy.

High-performance dielectric capacitors featuring large recoverable energy storage density () and high discharge efficiency (η) are beneficial to realize the device miniaturization, lightweight property, and sustainability of advanced pulse power systems. The obtainment of a high electric breakdown strength () is crucial for improving the energy storage performance of dielectric materials. However, as for BiNaTiO (BNT) lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, the relatively lower directly limits their electrical performance improvement and practical applications.

Strengthening H gas-liquid mass transfer using superaerophobic cathodes for enhanced methane production from CO in H-mediated microbial electrosynthesis system.

H-mediated microbial electrosynthesis (MES) could run under a high current density, but the low solubility of H limited its performance. Reducing the H bubble size facilitates H gas-liquid mass transfer and it has been reported to be realized on superaerophobic electrodes. Therefore, we adopted a CoP nanowire-modified nickel foam (CoP-NiF) as the superaerophobic cathode in a H-mediated MES reactor to enhance the methane production from CO.

Epigenetic characterization of adult rhesus monkey spermatogonial stem cells identifies key regulators of stem cell homeostasis.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) play crucial roles in the preservation of male fertility. However, successful ex vivo expansion of authentic human SSCs remains elusive due to the inadequate understanding of SSC homeostasis regulation. Using rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) as a representative model, we characterized SSCs and progenitor subsets through single-cell RNA sequencing using a cell-specific network approach.

Extracerebral Normalization of F-FDG PET Imaging Combined with Behavioral CRS-R Scores Predict Recovery from Disorders of Consciousness.

Background: Identifying patients likely to regain consciousness early on is a challenge. The assessment of consciousness levels and the prediction of wakefulness probabilities are facilitated by F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). This study aimed to develop a prognostic model for predicting 1-year postinjury outcomes in prolonged disorders of consciousness (DoC) using F-FDG PET alongside clinical behavioral scores.

Peptide Cy accelerates hair regeneration in diabetic mice by binding to the Frizzled-7 receptor.

Individuals with diabetes frequently face serious challenges, including delayed wound healing and increased risk of infection. Notably, the regeneration of hair follicles plays a crucial role in accelerating diabetic skin damage repair, reducing the risk of infection, and enhancing overall skin health. Research has predominantly emphasized the re-epithelialization of diabetic wounds, with a paucity of in-depth studies on hair follicle regeneration.

Deep-Learning, Radiomics and Clinic Based Fusion Models for Predicting Response to Infliximab in Crohn's Disease Patients: A Multicentre, Retrospective Study.

Background: Accurate prediction of treatment response in Crohn's disease (CD) patients undergoing infliximab (IFX) therapy is essential for clinical decision-making. Our goal was to compare the performance of the clinical characteristics, radiomics and deep learning model from computed tomography enterography (CTE) for identifying individuals at high risk of IFX treatment failure.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 263 CD patients from three medical centers between 2017 and 2023 patients received CTE examinations within 1 month before IFX commencement.

Building a Chinese ancient architecture multimodal dataset combining image, annotation and style-model.

In this rapidly evolving era of multimodal generation, diffusion models exhibit impressive generative capabilities, significantly enhancing the realm of creative image synthesis by intricately textual prompts. Yet, their effectiveness is limited in certain niche sectors, like depicting Chinese ancient architecture. This limitation is primarily due to the insufficient data that fails to encompass the unique architectural features and corresponding text information.

Environmental chemical exposures and a machine learning-based model for predicting hypertension in NHANES 2003-2016.

Background: Hypertension is a common disease, often overlooked in its early stages due to mild symptoms. And persistent elevated blood pressure can lead to adverse outcomes such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. There are many risk factors that lead to hypertension, including various environmental chemicals that humans are exposed to, which are believed to be modifiable risk factors for hypertension.

Fullerene as a probe molecule for single-atom oxygen reduction electrocatalysts.

Fullerenes interact positively with many metal-based catalysts intense electron transfer. Yet, we here revealed that C serves as a probe due to its deactivation of the active sites of single-atom O reduction electrocatalysts. C adsorption to metal atoms creates steric hindrance that restricts the access of O to the active sites.

Carbon encapsulated nanoparticles: materials science and energy applications.

The technological implementation of electrochemical energy conversion and storage necessitates the acquisition of high-performance electrocatalysts and electrodes. Carbon encapsulated nanoparticles have emerged as an exciting option owing to their unique advantages that strike a high-level activity-stability balance. Ever-growing attention to this unique type of material is partly attributed to the straightforward rationale of carbonizing ubiquitous organic species under energetic conditions.

Disrupted Human-Dog Interbrain Neural Coupling in Autism-Associated Shank3 Mutant Dogs.

Dogs interact with humans effectively and intimately. However, the neural underpinnings for such interspecies social communication are not understood. It is known that interbrain activity coupling, i.

Effects of low temperature air exposure and immersion on antioxidant, immune, intestinal flora and metabolome of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of immersion on immune enzyme activity, haemolymph index, intestinal microbiome and metabolome of E. sinensis after low temperature air exposure. The results showed that low temperature air exposure induced stress response, which led to hepatopancreas injury and increased membrane permeability, but this situation was reversible and alleviated after immersion.

Stage dependence of Elton's biotic resistance hypothesis of biological invasions.

Elton's biotic resistance hypothesis posits that species-rich communities are more resistant to invasion. However, it remains unknown how species, phylogenetic and functional richness, along with environmental and human-impact factors, collectively affect plant invasion as alien species progress along the introduction-naturalization-invasion continuum. Using data from 12,056 local plant communities of the Czech Republic, this study reveals varying effects of these factors on the presence and richness of alien species at different invasion stages, highlighting the complexity of the invasion process.

Laparoscopic right upper transversal hepatectomy: Strategies for right hepatic vein resection and reconstruction.

Objective: The right upper transversal hepatectomy (RUTH) is considered a complex technique of parenchymal-sparing hepatectomies. The intraoperative management of the right hepatic vein (RHV) is still controversial because it may cause obstruction of outflow in the remnant hepatic segment. The aim of this study is to present our experience of laparoscopic RUTH and the strategy of RHV resection and reconstruction in different settings.

Simultaneous F-FDG PET/MRI predicting favourable surgical outcome in refractory epilepsy patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the (1) successful surgery proportion in patients with clear structural lesions on MRI and single abnormality on F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/Magnetic resonance imaging (F-FDG PET/MRI); (2) predictive value of F-FDG PET/MRI for postsurgical outcome in refractory epilepsy patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 123 patients diagnosed with refractory epilepsy who underwent presurgical evaluation involving F-FDG PET/MRI and were followed for one-year post-surgery. Two neuroradiologists interpreted the PET/MRI images using visual analysis and an asymmetry index based on the standard uptake value.

Assessment of perioperative cardiac risk using preoperative quantitative flow ratio in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing noncardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) is a novel diagnostic modality for the functional testing of coronary artery stenosis, but evidence concerning the postoperative prognostic implication of QFR in noncardiac surgery (NCS) of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of QFR in perioperative risk prediction in patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between 2013 and 2022, and consecutively included patients with CAD who had undergone NCS <1 year after coronary angiography.

Interaction of PASTICCINO2 with Golgi anti-apoptotic proteins confers resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress and is dependent on very-long-chain fatty acids.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis because it is the primary site for synthesizing secreted and transmembrane proteins and lipids. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to restore the homeostasis of the ER when it is under stress; however, the relationship between lipids and the ER stress response in plants is not well understood. Arabidopsis GOLGI ANTI-APOPTOTIC PROTEINS (GAAPs) are involved in resisting ER stress, and in this study, we found that PASTICCINO2 (PAS2), which is involved in very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis, interacts with GAAPs and INOSITOL REQUIRING ENZYME 1.

Aggregation-Induced Emissive Feringa-Type Motor: Toward the Dual-Functional Motor in a Single Molecular Aggregation System.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE)allows tunable photoluminescence via the simple regulation of molecular aggregation. The research spurt along this vein has also offered tremendous opportunities for light-responsive artificial molecular machines that are to be fully explored for performing versatile functions. Herein, the study reports a light-driven Feringa-type motor, when in the appropriate aggregation state, not only demonstrates the light-activated rotary motion but emits photons with good quantum yield.

Evaluating the Efficacy of CortexID Quantitative Analysis in Localization of the Epileptogenic Zone in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Introduction: There remains a critical need for precise localization of the epileptogenic foci in individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging can reveal hypometabolic regions during the interval between seizures in patients with epilepsy. However, visual-based qualitative analysis is time-consuming and strongly influenced by physician experience.