Mixed Reality Improves 3D Visualization and Spatial Awareness of Bone Tumors for Surgical Planning in Orthopaedic Oncology: A Proof of Concept Study.

Introduction: In orthopedic oncology, computer navigation and 3D-printed guides facilitate precise osteotomies only after surgical exposure. Before surgeries start, it is challenging to mentally process and superimpose the virtual medical images onto patients' anatomy for preoperative surgical planning. Mixed Reality (MR) is an immersive technology merging real and virtual worlds, and users can interact with digital objects in real time.

Intermediate-term results and risk factors analysis of tumor endoprosthesis in paediatric patients after the resection of lower extremity bone sarcoma.

Background: Mechanical failure of the endoprostheses is a concern in paediatric patients with primary bone sarcoma. Their long-term results are variable in the Asian population, thus we aim to investigate the outcome by assessing the mechanical failure, its risk factors and the functional results.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 38 paediatric patients (mean 13.

Review and Future/Potential Application of Mixed Reality Technology in Orthopaedic Oncology.

In orthopaedic oncology, surgical planning and intraoperative execution errors may result in positive tumor resection margins that increase the risk of local recurrence and adversely affect patients' survival. Computer navigation and 3D-printed resection guides have been reported to address surgical inaccuracy by replicating the surgical plans in complex cases. However, limitations include surgeons' attention shift from the operative field to view the navigation monitor and expensive navigation facilities in computer navigation surgery.

Development of deep learning algorithms to discriminate giant cell tumors of bone from adjacent normal tissues by confocal Raman spectroscopy.

Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive analysis technique that provides detailed information about the chemical structure of tumors. Raman spectra of 52 giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) and 21 adjacent normal tissues of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) and frozen specimens were obtained using a confocal Raman spectrometer and analyzed with machine learning and deep learning algorithms. We discovered characteristic Raman shifts in the GCTB specimens.

Local Recurrence After Minimally Invasive Curettage For Primary Giant Cell Tumor of Bone With Perioperative Bisphosphonate Is Comparable to Open Curettage: Retrospective Comparison With 9-Year Follow-Up.

Purpose: To compare the long-term oncological outcome of minimally invasive curettage (MIC) with conventional open curettage (OC).

Methods: We studied patients with primary giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) of extremities who underwent intralesional tumor curettage and cementation and perioperative bisphosphonates from February 2003 to June 2016. All cases were histology-confirmed diagnoses of GCTB.

Made for students, by students: Integrating former-student voices into a de-densified biochemistry laboratory.

The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of peer communication networks for student outcomes. Herein, we describe the use of supplemental instructional videos created by former students and integrated into electronic lab notebooks, to restore the lost community-learning component using student voices in a de-densified upper-division biochemistry laboratory.

Engaging with the private healthcare sector for the control of tuberculosis in India: cost and cost-effectiveness.

Background: The control of tuberculosis (TB) in India is complicated by the presence of a large, disorganised private sector where most patients first seek care. Following pilots in Mumbai and Patna (two major cities in India), an initiative known as the 'Public-Private Interface Agency' (PPIA) is now being expanded across the country. We aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of scaling up PPIA operations, in line with India's National Strategic Plan for TB control.

Complex joint-preserving bone tumor resection and reconstruction using computer navigation and 3D-printed patient-specific guides: A technical note of three cases.

In selected extremity bone sarcomas, joint-preserving surgery retains the natural joints and nearby ligaments with a better function than in traditional joint-sacrificing surgery. Geometric multiplanar osteotomies around bone sarcomas were reported with the advantage of preserving more host bone. However, the complex surgical planning translation to the operating room is challenging.

Long-term outcome of vascularized iliac bone grafting for osteonecrosis of femoral head: A retrospective study with 17-year follow-up.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the long-term results of vascularized iliac bone grafting (VIBG) for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The primary outcome is the long-term survivorship of VIBG, using conversion to total hip arthroplasty as an end-point. Secondly, this study will also analyse the patient or disease factors influencing the long-term survivorship of VIBG.

Unified Synthesis of Azepines by Visible-Light-Mediated Dearomative Ring Expansion of Aromatic -Ylides.

Herein, we report a unified approach to azepines by dearomative photochemical rearrangement of aromatic -ylides. Deprotonation of quaternary aromatic salts with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.

Role of skeletal macrophages in fracture repair: A systematic review.

In the field of bone research, the importance of the function of skeletal macrophages (sMΦ) and their crucial role in immune homeostasis and bone regeneration has been extensively studied. The aim of the present systematic review was to summarize the role of sMΦ in bone fracture healing and to evaluate their potential for immunoregulatory therapy in bone regeneration. A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase was performed to retrieve studies on the role of sMΦ in bone injury repair.

Congenital Symmastia: A Four-Step, Minimally Invasive Approach.

Symmastia is a rare condition in which breasts are unified medially due to aberrant development of mammary tissue in the intermammary region, resulting in the appearance of an intermammary web. There are limited reports on this rare anomaly and hence, no standard protocols on its management. Additionally, creating a normal cleavage in these young patients without scars over or around the breast is a challenge from an esthetic standpoint.

The potential deployment of a pan-tuberculosis drug regimen in India: A modelling analysis.

There is increasing interest in future, highly-potent 'pan-TB' regimens against tuberculosis (TB), that may be equally effective in both drug-susceptible and rifampicin-resistant (RR) forms of TB. Taking the example of India, the country with the world's largest burden of TB, we show that adoption of these regimens could be: (i) epidemiologically impactful, and (ii) cost-saving to the national TB programme, even if the regimen itself is more costly than current TB treatment. Mathematical modelling suggests that deployment of a pan-TB regimen in 2022 would reduce the annual incidence of TB in 2030 by 23.

Map, know dynamics and act; a better way to engage private health sector in TB management. A report from Mumbai, India.

Background: India, world's leading Tuberculosis burden country envisions to End-TB by optimally engaging private-sector, in-spite of several unsuccessful attempts of optimal private sector engagement. Private Provider Interface Agency (PPIA), a new initiative for private-sector engagement, studied the private-sector networking and dynamics to understand the spread, typology of providers and facilities and their relations in TB case management, which was critical to design an intervention to engage private-sector. We report the observations of this exercise for a larger readership.

Initiative for Promoting Affordable and Quality Tuberculosis Tests (IPAQT): a market-shaping intervention in India.

A majority of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in India are diagnosed and treated in the private sector. Yet, most private providers do not use most recent WHO-endorsed microbiological tests such as liquid cultures, line probe assays and Xpert MTB/RIF due to a combination of factors such as lack of awareness, misaligned incentives and high prices that are unaffordable for patients. We designed a market-based approach to transform a high-price, low-volume market equilibrium into a low-price, high-volume equilibrium to improve the uptake of these tests.

Enhancing financial security of female sex workers through a community-led intervention in India: Evidence from a longitudinal survey.

Introduction: Community-led organizations (COs) have been an integral part of HIV prevention programs to address the socio-economic and structural vulnerabilities faced by female sex workers (FSWs). The current study examines whether strengthening of community-led organizations and community collectivization have been instrumental in reducing the financial vulnerability and empowering FSWs in terms of their self-efficacy, confidence, and individual agency in India.

Data And Methods: This study used a panel data of 2085 FSWs selected from 38 COs across five states of India.

Simvastatin Possesses Antitumor and Differentiation-Promoting Properties That Affect Stromal Cells in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive destructive bone lesion. The management of pulmonary metastasis and local recurrence after the surgical treatment of GCTB remains a challenge. Pathologically, stromal cells in GCTB are known as primary neoplastic cells and are recognized as incompletely differentiated preosteoblasts.

Tuberculosis treatment in the private healthcare sector in India: an analysis of recent trends and volumes using drug sales data.

Background: There is a pressing need for systematic approaches for monitoring how much TB treatment is ongoing in the private sector in India: both to cast light on the true scale of the problem, and to help monitor the progress of interventions currently being planned to address this problem.

Methods: We used commercially available data on the sales of rifampicin-containing drugs in the private sector, adjusted for data coverage and indication of use. We examined temporal, statewise trends in volumes (patient-months) of TB treatment from 2013 to 2016.

Computer Navigation in Orthopaedic Tumour Surgery.

In orthopaedic bone tumour surgery, surgeons perform malignant bone tumour resections with tumour-free margin. The bone defects following the resections have to be reconstructed to restore limb function. An inaccurate resection with positive surgical margin increased the risk of local recurrence and compromised patients' survival.