Understanding and overcoming hybrid lethality in seed and seedling stages as barriers to hybridization and gene flow.

Hybrid lethality is a type of reproductive isolation barrier observed in two developmental stages, hybrid embryos (hybrid seeds) and hybrid seedlings. Hybrid lethality has been reported in many plant species and limits distant hybridization breeding including interspecific and intergeneric hybridization, which increases genetic diversity and contributes to produce new germplasm for agricultural purposes. Recent studies have provided molecular and genetic evidence suggesting that underlying causes of hybrid lethality involve epistatic interaction of one or more loci, as hypothesized by the Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller model, and effective ploidy or endosperm balance number.

Capsicum annuum with causal allele of hybrid weakness is prevalent in Asia.

Reproductive isolation, including hybrid weakness, plays an important role in the formation of species. Hybrid weakness in Capsicum, the cessation of plant growth, is caused by two complementary dominant genes, A from C. chinense or C.

Genetic Mapping of the Locus Causing Hybrid Lethality in Interspecific Hybrids.

Hybrid lethality, a postzygotic mechanism of reproductive isolation, is a phenomenon that causes the death of F hybrid seedlings. Hybrid lethality is generally caused by the epistatic interaction of two or more loci. In the genus , has the dominant allele at the locus that causes hybrid lethality in F hybrid seedlings by interaction with allele(s).

Temperature-dependent sugar accumulation in interspecific Capsicum F plants showing hybrid weakness.

In plants, F hybrids showing hybrid weakness exhibit weaker growth than their parents. The phenotypes of hybrid weakness are often suppressed at certain temperatures. However, it is unclear whether hybrid weakness in Capsicum annuum × C.

Two Nicotiana occidentalis accessions enable gene identification for Type II hybrid lethality by the cross to N. sylvestris.

Hybrid lethality, meaning the death of F hybrid seedlings, has been observed in many plant species, including Nicotiana. Previously, we have revealed that hybrids of the selected Nicotiana occidentalis accession and N. tabacum, an allotetraploid with S and T genomes, exhibited lethality characterized by the fading of shoot color.

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and phenolic compounds are related to hybrid lethality in the cross ×.

Hybrid lethality observed in hybrid seedlings between and is characterized by browning, initially of the hypocotyls and eventually of entire seedlings. We investigated the mechanism underlying this browning of tissues. A phenylalanine ammonia-lyase () gene codes an enzyme involved in a pathway producing phenolic compounds related to the browning of plant tissues.

A hypersensitive response-like reaction is involved in hybrid weakness in F plants of the cross × .

Hybrid weakness in is characterized by the termination of leaf differentiation after the development of several leaves. F plants in some crosses between and show weakness; this phenomenon has not been investigated in detail since first reported. In the present study, we characterized morphologically and physiologically hybrid weakness in .

- and -Mediated Hybrid Weakness in Rice Involves Cell Death, Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation, and Disease Resistance-Related Gene Upregulation.

Hybrid weakness is a type of reproductive isolation in which F hybrids of normal parents exhibit weaker growth characteristics than their parents. F hybrid of the Indian cultivars 'P.T.