Epigenetic regulation of Nrf2-Mediated angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcer progression: Role of histone deacetylases.

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox-sensitive transcription factor, regulates proangiogenic mediators, and antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. However, hitherto its regulation in the progression of DFU was poorly examined. The regulation of Nrf2 has been reported to be affected by various factors, including histone deacetylase (HDACs) and DNA methylation.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Suppresses Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy Through Nrf2 Signaling: A Clinical and Experimental Study.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is marked by heightened endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress (OS) due to protein misfolding and free radical generation. We investigated the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), canagliflozin (Cana), in alleviating ERS and OS in DN patients and THP-1 cells under hyperglycemic condition. A total of 120 subjects were divided into four groups, with 30 subjects in each group: healthy controls, T2DM individuals, DN patients receiving standard treatment, and those treated with Cana.

Prevention of diabetes from prediabetes in real world setting in South India.

Aim: The aim was to explore the effect of lifestyle modification in a real world situation to prevent the progression to diabetes in India.

Methods: Participants who underwent OGTT from August 2017-2022 and were diagnosed as having Prediabetes (n = 200) were assigned into control (group1, n = 100) received standard care and intervention (group2, n = 100) received intensive counseling on physical activity (PA) and diet. PA included walking for 150 min/week and personalized advice based on the profession.

Effect of prediabetes on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A study from South India.

Background And Aims: The aim was to assess the effect of prediabetes on tuberculosis(TB) treatment outcomes.

Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study of 569 eligible new smear positive cases screened for DM between 2014 and 2018 in TB units in North Chennai, South India. Based on study criteria, a total of 187 subjects were included and categorised into two groups: TB with normoglycaemia (groupI) (HbA1c<5.

Precision of Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) Tool for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Among People with Type 2 Diabetes-A Study from South India.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the risk factors for foot-related complications among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hence, we aimed to validate the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) tool against biothesiometer with a cut-off value of ≥25 V and also to determine the cut-off point of MNSI score for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy among people with T2DM in India. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 357 people with T2DM in a tertiary care centre for diabetes in Chennai, South India.

Longitudinal trends in glycated hemoglobin during and after tuberculosis treatment.

Aims: To investigate the impact of pulmonary TB on glycemic status during and after TB treatment, and associations of glycemic trends with antidiabetic therapy and TB outcomes.

Methods: Data from two prospective cohort studies of adults in Chennai, India, with pulmonary TB were combined for this analysis. Participants were classified by baseline hemoglobin A1 (A1C) as having normoglycemia (NG; n = 74), prediabetes (pre-DM; n = 110), or diabetes (DM; n = 244).

Unique Reciprocal Association Seen Between Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Diabetes Is Due to Immunoendocrine Modulation (DM-LTB-1).

Aim: The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among diabetes patients is poorly studied. In the present study, the prevalence of LTBI among pre-diabetes and diabetes patients was studied, along with immunoendocrine biomarkers ( = 804).

Methods: LTBI was screened by Quantiferon TB gold in Normal glucose tolerance [(NGT); = 170, [Pre-diabetes (PDM; = 209), Newly diagnosed diabetes (NDM; = 165) and Known diabetes (KDM; = 260) subjects.

Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in prediabetes in Asian Indians.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and associated risk factors in Asian Indians with prediabetes.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted at two tertiary care diabetes centres in Chennai, India, clinical and biochemical assessment and nonmydriatic ultra-wide field fundus photography was performed in individuals with prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose [IFG] and/or impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]) based on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and/or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between 5.7% and 6.

Hyperglucagonemia and impaired insulin sensitivity are associated with development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes - A study from South India.

Background And Aims: Glucagon levels and glucagon suppression in response to oral glucose load has not been elucidated at different stages of glucose intolerance in India.

Methods: A total of 81 subjects underwent OGTT and were classified into three groups as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 23), prediabetes (PreDM) (n = 33), newly diagnosed diabetes (NDM) (n = 25). Insulin and glucagon at fasting, 30 and 120 min was measured by ELISA.

Effect of yoga intervention on biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes in South India: Results from the SATYAM project.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of yoga intervention on the biochemical, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Subjects with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary care centre for diabetes during Feb 2017 to Oct 2019 in Chennai, India were randomly assigned to two different groups. Group1(non-Yoga) (n = 150) was advised on simple physical exercises whereas group2(Yoga) (n = 150) was trained and advised to do yogasanas with static loosening exercises for 50 min for 5 days in a week.

TCF7L2 polymorphism a prominent marker among subjects with Type-2-Diabetes with a positive family history of diabetes.

The greatest risk of developing type2 diabetes (T2DM) was conferred by rs7903146 SNP of Transcription factor7-like2 (TCF7L2) gene in many ethnic populations. The aim was to investigate the association of TCF7L2 (rs7903146) gene polymorphism among newly diagnosed diabetes subjects with different parental diabetes registry. A total of 171 subjects were categorized into 3 groups based on parental diabetes registry i.

Higher dietary salt and inappropriate proportion of macronutrients consumption among people with diabetes and other co morbid conditions in South India: Estimation of salt intake with a formula.

Aim: The present study analysed the regular salt and macronutrients consumption of South Indian population with diabetes, hypertension and renal dysfunction.

Methods: The cross sectional study was performed among 200 subjects, divided into four different groups consisted of control, subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) without any other complications, T2DM subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and T2DM subjects with hypertension (HTN). The dietary salt intake was estimated from 24-h urinary sodium excretion and the amount of macronutrients was calculated using 24-h dietary recall method.

Elevated one hour with normal fasting and 2 h plasma glucose helps to identify those at risk for development of Type2 Diabetes-11 years observational study from south India.

Aims: To compare conversion rates of diabetes in subjects with elevated 1 h plasma glucose (1hrPG) during an OGTT with normal glucose tolerance(NGT) subjects over a period of 11 years.

Methods: 4023 subjects were selected from electronic data base of medical records.233 subjects who were followed up for a period of 11 years were included.

RANKL Gene Polymorphism as a Potential Biomarker to Identify Acute Charcot Foot Among Indian Population With Type 2 Diabetes: A Preliminary Report.

Studies addressing the link between gene polymorphism and Charcot neuropathic osteoarthopathy (CN) have been limited to analyse osteoprotegerin gene. Aim is to understand the association of RANKL gene variants on the susceptibility of diabetic neuropathy and CN and to measure the serum levels of sRANKL among Indian population with type 2 diabetes. 77 subjects (48 males: 29 females) were recruited and divided into 3 groups.

Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Exposure to Suspended Particulate Matter.

Background: Evidence from various epidemiological studies has shown an association between particulate matter 2.5 (PM) and diabetes mellitus. A prospective study from the United States reported that exposure to PM alters endothelial function, and leads to insulin resistance and reduction in peripheral glucose uptake.

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with HBV and HCV infection among subjects with type 2 diabetes from South India.

This is a brief summary of the prevalence on Hepatitis C (HCV) and Hepatitis B (HBV) viral infections and associated risk factors in Type 2 diabetes subjects. Prevalence of HBV (9%) was higher compared to HCV (2%) infection in the screened 388 subjects. Results showed that these infections are independent of the liver damage.

Comparison of Two Creatinine Based Equations for Routine Estimation of GFR in a Speciality Clinic for Diabetes.

Objective: To compare the bias, absolute bias, precision and accuracies between the equations, viz., CKD-EPI (Scr), CKD-EPI (Scys) and MDRD in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: 198 patients who underwent 24 h urinary collection for assessing kidney function between November 2014-January 2015 were included.

Effect of a polyherbal formulation cream on diabetic neuropathic pain among patients with type 2 diabetes - A pilot study.

Background & Objectives: Painful diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes and can severely limit patients' daily functions. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the safety and effect of using a polyherbal formulation in reducing the symptoms of diabetic neuropathic pain in comparison with placebo among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 50 (M:F = 33:17) consecutive type 2 diabetes patients with painful diabetic neuropathy were enrolled in this study.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors among People with Diabetes in South India.

Objective: To assess the sex differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes, visiting the hospital between March-December 2012.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among the type 2 diabetes patients attending M.V.

Presence of elevated non-HDL among patients with T2DM with CV events despite of optimal LDL-C - A report from South India.

Elevated non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) was the commonest lipid abnormality among T2DM patients with cardiovascular events (CV) events. Prevalence of elevated non-HDL-C was 21.6% among patients who were on statin therapy and with optimal low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.

High Prevalence and Heterogeneity of Diabetes in Patients With TB in South India: A Report from the Effects of Diabetes on Tuberculosis Severity (EDOTS) Study.

Background: Previous studies reported an association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with TB susceptibility. Many studies were retrospective, had weak diagnostic criteria for DM, and did not assess other comorbidities. The Effects of Diabetes on Tuberculosis Severity (EDOTS) study is addressing these limitations with a longitudinal comparison of patients with TB who are classified as diabetic or normoglycemic according to World Health Organization criteria.

Radiographic Abnormalities in the Feet of Diabetic Patients with Neuropathy and Foot Ulceration.

Objective: People with diabetic neuropathy are frequently prone to several bone and joint abnormalities. Simple radiographic findings have been proven to be quite useful in the detection of such abnormalities, which might be helpful not only for early diagnosis but also in following the course of diabetes through stages of reconstruction of the ulcerated foot.The present study was designed to identify the common foot abnormalities in south Indian diabetic subjects with and without neuropathy using radiographic imaging.

Comparison of plasma adiponectin & certain inflammatory markers in angiographically proven coronary artery disease patients with & without diabetes--a study from India.

Background & Objectives: The association between adiponectin and risk of cardiovascular disease is well known. The aim of the present study was to evaluate adiponectin and certain inflammatory markers and to determine the correlations between them in angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) in subjects with and without diabetes.

Methods: A total of 180 subjects who underwent coronary angiography for symptoms suggestive of CAD were categorised into groups based on their diabetes and/or CAD status: group1 (non-diabetic non-CAD); group2 (non-diabetic CAD); group3 (diabetic non-CAD) and group4 (diabetic CAD).

The costs of treating long-term diabetic complications in a developing country: a study from India.

Objective: Diabetes is a major public health problem associated with huge economic burden in developing countries. The aim was to assess the direct costs of treating long-term diabetic complications among hospitalized subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 368 (M: F, 254:114) hospitalized patients were divided into groups based on the presence of complications and were compared with a group without any complications (Group 1; n = 86), Group 2; n = 67 with chronic kidney disease, Group 3; n = 53 with cardiovascular complications, Group 4; n = 58 who underwent foot amputation, Group 5; n = 66 with retinal complications and Group 6; n = 38 with presence of two complications.