Characterization of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in rabbits orally infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi.

Encephalitozoonosis is a common infectious disease widely spread among rabbits. Encephalitozoon cuniculi, is considered as a zoonotic and emerging pathogen capable of infecting both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. The aim of the study was to describe in detail the spread of the E.

Immunohistochemical Detection of in Ocular Structures of Immunocompetent Rabbits.

Encephalitozoonosis is a common infectious disease widely spread among rabbits. Its causative agent, , is considered as a zoonotic and emerging pathogen capable of infecting both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, including humans. In rabbits, clinical signs include neurological, kidney and ocular disease.

Species identification of European forest pathogens of the genus (Pucciniales) using urediniospore morphology and molecular barcoding including sp. nov.

Species of rust fungi of the genus (Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales) are distributed mainly in northern temperate regions. They host-alternate between needles of fir ( spp.) and fronds of ferns (species of Polypodiales).

Aspects of intradermal immunization with different adjuvants: The role of dendritic cells and Th1/Th2 response.

Intradermal (i.d.) application of vaccine is promising way how to induce specific immune response against particular pathogens.

The first smut fungus, sp. nov. (Glomosporiaceae), described from (Asteraceae).

There are 63 known species of (Glomosporiaceae, Ustilaginomycotina), a third of which occur on Asteraceae. These smut fungi produce yellowish-brown to reddish-brown masses of spore balls in specific, mostly regenerative, plant organs. A species of was collected in the flower heads of (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) on Rhodes Island, Greece, in 2015 and 2017, which represents the first smut record of a smut fungus on a host plant species in this tribe.

Multi-locus tree and species tree approaches toward resolving a complex clade of downy mildews (Straminipila, Oomycota), including pathogens of beet and spinach.

Accurate species determination of plant pathogens is a prerequisite for their control and quarantine, and further for assessing their potential threat to crops. The family Peronosporaceae (Straminipila; Oomycota) consists of obligate biotrophic pathogens that cause downy mildew disease on angiosperms, including a large number of cultivated plants. In the largest downy mildew genus Peronospora, a phylogenetically complex clade includes the economically important downy mildew pathogens of spinach and beet, as well as the type species of the genus Peronospora.

Higher plant diversity promotes higher diversity of fungal pathogens, while it decreases pathogen infection per plant.

Fungal plant pathogens are common in natural communities where they affect plant physiology, plant survival, and biomass production. Conversely, pathogen transmission and infection may be regulated by plant community characteristics such as plant species diversity and functional composition that favor pathogen diversity through increases in host diversity while simultaneously reducing pathogen infection via increased variability in host density and spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of multi-host multi-pathogen interactions is of high significance in the context of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning.

Ovarian disorders in immature rats after postnatal exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

The study investigated the effects of postnatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the development of the rat ovary. Neonates were injected on each postnatal day 1-14 with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benz(a)anthracene (BaA) and benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) (0.1, 1.

Experimental infection of gnotobiotic piglets with Escherichia coli strains positive for EAST1 and AIDA.

The virulence factors EAST1 and AIDA are often detected in ETEC/VTEC strains isolated from pigs and their role in diarrhoeal infections is discussed. In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of AIDA, the colonisation patterns of F4 positive and AIDA positive strains were investigated. Two wild-type Escherichia coli strains AIDA/EAST1 and F4/EAST1 isolated from diarrhoeal piglets were used for animal experiment to evaluate the ability of the EAST1 toxin to be involved in induction of diarrhoea.

Host response in rabbits to infection with Pasteurella multocida serogroup F strains originating from fowl cholera.

Although Pasteurella multocida serogroup F has been described as an avian-adapted serogroup, it was recently found in rabbit nests in the Czech Republic. Therefore, the ability of 2 avian P. multocida serogroup F strains to induce disease in rabbits was investigated.

Passive immunisation of post-weaned piglets using hyperimmune serum against experimental Haemophilus parasuis infection.

The protective role of hyperimmune serum in the prevention of Haemophilus parasuis infections in post-weaned piglets was assessed by experimental challenge. The hyperimmune serum was obtained from a pig vaccinated with a commercial vaccine against Glässer's disease. Thirty-eight weaned piglets were divided into four groups: three groups were immunised intramuscularly with 10 ml of hyperimmune serum and one group consisted of unimmunised control animals.

Bottom-up effects of plant diversity on multitrophic interactions in a biodiversity experiment.

Biodiversity is rapidly declining, and this may negatively affect ecosystem processes, including economically important ecosystem services. Previous studies have shown that biodiversity has positive effects on organisms and processes across trophic levels. However, only a few studies have so far incorporated an explicit food-web perspective.

Experimental oral and ocular Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits.

Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an obligate intracellular pathogen that has a wide host distribution, but primarily affects rabbits. The aim of this study was to characterize both the cell-mediated and the antibody response in rabbits after experimental infection using 2 different infection routes: oral and ocular. SPF rabbits were infected with low (10³ spores) and high (10⁷ spores) infection doses.

Influence of 5 major Salmonella pathogenicity islands on NK cell depletion in mice infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.

Background: In this study we were interested in the colonisation and early immune response of Balb/C mice to infection with Salmonella Enteritidis and isogenic pathogenicity island free mutants.

Results: The virulence of S. Enteritidis for Balb/C mice was exclusively dependent on intact SPI-2.

Virulence potential of five major pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 to SPI-5) of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis for chickens.

Background: Salmonella is a highly successful parasite of reptiles, birds and mammals. Its ability to infect and colonise such a broad range of hosts coincided with the introduction of new genetic determinants, among them 5 major pathogenicity islands (SPI1-5), into the Salmonella genome. However, only limited information is available on how each of these pathogenicity islands influences the ability of Salmonella to infect chickens.

Morphological and functional disorders of the immature rat uterus after postnatal exposure to benz[a]anthracene and benzo[k]fluoranthene.

We investigated the effects of postnatal exposure to benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A) and benzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F) on the development of the rat uterus. Neonates were injected on each postnatal days 1-14 with B[a]A (0.1, 1.

Estrogenic activity of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in uterus of immature Wistar rats.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important group of environmental pollutants, known for their mutagenic and carcinogenic activities. Many PAHs are aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands and several recent studies have suggested that PAHs or their metabolites may activate estrogen receptors (ER). The present study investigated possible estrogenic/antiestrogenic effects of abundant environmental contaminants benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), fluoranthene (Fla) and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) in vivo, using the immature rat uterotrophic assay.

Affinities of Phylacia and the daldinoid Xylariaceae, inferred from chemotypes of cultures and ribosomal DNA sequences.

A chemotaxonomic evaluation using hplc profiling was undertaken to resolve the infrageneric and intergeneric affinities of over 150 strains of Xylariaceae. Daldinia placentiformis, Hypoxylon nicaraguense, H. polyporus, and Phylacia sagrana were found to contain 8-methoxy-1-naphthol, which is apparently absent in Annulohypoxylon, Hypoxylon, and related genera with bipartite stromata.

The effect of intramuscular administration of colistin on the development and course of experimentally induced oedema disease in weaned piglets.

Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) strains that produce Shiga toxin Stx2e cause oedema disease in weaned piglets. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of Stx2e released in mesenteric lymph nodes on disease pathogenesis.

Bioaerosols--sources and control measures.

In every field of activity where organic material is being handled, emissions of dust, gases, odor as well as bioaerosols are bound to arise. For this reason, waste management facilities or else agricultural enterprises are potential emission sources of bioaerosols. The dispersion of bioaerosols from waste treatment facilities and their health impacts continue to be the subject of numerous discussions.

Commercially available rabbit anti-human polyclonal antisera as a useful tool for immune system studies in veterinary species.

We have used selected rabbit anti-human polyclonal antibodies as an example of useful and easily available tools for studies on immune system structure and development in important veterinary species, many of which also represent animal models in biomedicine. The cocktail of anti-human Igkappa-FITC/anti-Iglambda-RPE F(ab')(2) fragments was used for two-colour and, in combination with the cross-reactive anti-CD79alpha monoclonal antibody HM-57, for three-colour flow cytometry of canine, feline, bovine and porcine peripheral B-cells. A possible application of such immunoreagents in studies on primary B-cell differentiation has been suggested in pigs; the same approach can be used in other species of interest.

Experimental study of pathogenicity of Pasteurella multocida serogroup F in rabbits.

The role of Pasteurella multocida serogroup F in inducing disease in rabbits was investigated in this study. Three groups of 12 Pasteurella-free rabbits each were intranasally (i.n.

Effect of postnatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene on the uterus of immature rats.

The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological effects of postnatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on the development of the uterus, uterine estrogen receptor (ERalpha) expression, and the uterine response to estrogen stimulation using the uterotrophic bioassay in rats. Neonates were injected on each postnatal day (PND) 1-14 with B[a]P (0.1, 1.

['Microbial air pollutants'. Emission sources and preventive measures].

Already in the planning or monitoring phase, measures have to be realized for the reduction in emissions of bio-aerosols in biological waste treatment plants. For this purpose, operation-related measures (in open and partially closed plants) and technology-related measures (in closed plants with automatic ventilation) can be taken. A survey on the currently feasible measures for reduction is submitted.

[Detection of airborne cultivatable microorganisms from compost sites--emissions and imissions].

The statement presented here gives an overview and assessment of the procedures and concepts currently used for the collection and determination of airborne, culturable microorganisms at sources of emission within composting plants and in their near vicinity. The paper focuses on "classical" methods, which involve cultivation as an intermediate step for the determination of viable, airborne microorganisms. The theoretical and practical requirements on such methods are discussed.