Preeclamptic patient-derived circulating cell-free DNA activates the production of inflammatory cytokines via toll-like receptor 9 signalling in the human placenta.

Objectives: Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific syndrome, is associated with maternal systemic and placental inflammatory responses. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cf-foetal DNA (cffDNA) in the blood are elevated in patients with preeclampsia and act as danger signals. Placenta-derived foetal DNA induces inflammatory responses and pregnancy complications in mice.

Limited sampling strategy for the estimation of mycophenolic acid area under the concentration-time curve treated in Japanese living-related renal transplant recipients with concomitant extended-release tacrolimus.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is used for oral administration to prevent rejection in renal transplant recipients, and is rapidly converted into mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite, by hydrolysis in vivo. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-12 h)) of MPA is considered to be an effective pharmacokinetics parameter for predicting acute rejection. However, frequent blood sampling is required to calculate AUC(0-12 h), which imposes a burden on patients and providers.

Erythroid recovery affects tacrolimus levels after engraftment during stem cell transplantation.

Tacrolimus is commonly used in stem-cell transplants (SCT) for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease and is continuously administered throughout transplantation. The dose of tacrolimus is frequently decreased to maintain a desired concentration during the recovery of hemocytes after engraftment. If parameters which affect tacrolimus clearance are identified, it is of clinical use to estimate concentrations and aid dosing.