Molecular tag for promoting -glycan maturation in the cargo receptor-mediated secretion pathway.

MCFD2 and ERGIC-53 form a cargo receptor complex that plays a crucial role in transporting specific glycoproteins, including blood coagulation factor VIII, from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. We have demonstrated that MCFD2 recognizes a 10-amino-acid sequence in factor VIII, thereby facilitating its efficient transport. Moreover, the secretion of biopharmaceutical recombinant glycoproteins, such as erythropoietin, can be enhanced by tagging them with this sequence, which we have termed the "passport sequence" (PS).

Interspecificity of Scab Fungus Isolated from Wild Syrian Pear ().

Scab on pear is caused by two pathogens, on European pear and on Asian pear. Five races of and seven races of have been reported thus far and pathological specialization occurs in both species. Among them, the five race isolates of were previously found from wild Syrian pear.

An organ-derived extracellular matrix triggers in situ kidney regeneration in a preclinical model.

It has not been considered that nephrons regenerate in adult mammals. We present that an organ-derived extracellular matrix in situ induces nephron regeneration in a preclinical model. A porcine kidney-derived extracellular matrix was sutured onto the surface of partial nephrectomy (PN)-treated kidney.

Transplantation of bioengineered liver capable of extended function in a preclinical liver failure model.

Unlimited organ availability would represent a paradigm shift in transplantation. Long-term in vivo engraftment and function of scaled-up bioengineered liver grafts have not been previously reported. In this study, we describe a human-scale transplantable liver graft engineered on a porcine liver-derived scaffold.

DMI-Fungicide Resistance in , the Causal Agent of Asian Pear Scab-How Reliable Are Mycelial Growth Tests in Culture?

Scab, caused by , is among the most serious diseases of Asian pears and control of this disease largely relies on sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. However, pear growers have complained about field performance of DMIs since the mid-2000s. In this study, to evaluate pathogen sensitivity, mycelial growth tests and inoculation tests were conducted using DMI-amended culture medium and fungicide-sprayed potted pear trees, respectively.

Pathogenic Specialization of , Causal Agent of Asian Pear Scab, and Resistance of Pear Cultivars Kinchaku and Xiangli.

Scab caused by is one of the most serious diseases of Asian pears, including Japanese pear ( var. ) and Chinese pears ( and ). Breeding scab-resistant pear cultivars is essential to minimize fungicide use and development of fungicide resistance.

Type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinases in the thyroid gland of patients with huge goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Purpose: The serum free triiodothyronine (FT)/free thyroxine (FT) ratio in patients with huge goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HG-HT) is relatively high. We investigated the cause of high FT/FT ratios.

Methods: We measured the serum FT, FT, and thyrotropin (TSH) levels of seven patients with HG-HT who had undergone a total thyroidectomy.

Systemic resistance inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and its microencapsulated formulations: their long-lasting control efficacy against cucumber diseases and mitigation of phytotoxicity.

Background: The development of fungicide resistance by pathogens is a major limiting factor for the control of plant diseases. To combat resistance development, the use of broad-spectrum but nonfungitoxic resistance inducers such as acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) is a promising approach because the orchestrated mechanisms underlying systemic acquired resistance induced by ASM are less likely to be overcome easily by pathogens. However, phytotoxicity is the main limiting factor of ASM.

Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase is expressed in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes.

Aims: Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3), which converts thyroxine (T) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T) to 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT) and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (T), respectively, inactivates thyroid hormones. We investigated the expression and regulation of D3 in human cardiomyocytes which were differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).

Main Methods: We characterized D3 activity using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis.

Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is expressed in human preadipocytes.

Background: Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the production of triiodothyronine (T3) from thyroxine (T4) and plays a critical role in providing the local intracellular T3. Although D2 is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue, it was thought that D2 is hardly expressed in white adipose tissue. In the present study, we examined whether D2 is expressed in human preadipocytes, using human mesenteric and subcutaneous preadipocytes (HMPA and HSCPA, respectively).

Site-directed mutagenesis of the cytochrome b gene and development of diagnostic methods for identifying QoI resistance of rice blast fungus.

Background: It is possible that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (G143A mutation) in the cytochrome b gene could confer resistance to quinone outside inhibiting (QoI) fungicides (strobilurins) in rice blast fungus because this mutation caused a high level of resistance to fungicides such as azoxystrobin in Pyricularia grisea Sacc. and other fungal plant pathogens. The aim of this study was to survey Magnaporthe oryzae B Couch sp.

Thyroid hormone activation in vascular smooth muscle cells is negatively regulated by glucocorticoid.

Background: Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) catalyzes the production of triiodothyronine from thyroxine. D2 is present in rat aorta media, and there is a circadian variation in the D2 expression. In rat aorta media, the D2 activity exhibited the maximal value at 1200 hour and low value between 1800 and 2400 hour.

Fungicide Sensitivity and Phylogenetic Relationship of Anthracnose Fungi Isolated from Various Fruit Crops in Japan.

Anthracnose diseases of fruit crops are mainly caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum. In these Colletotrichum species, intra- and interspecific variation in fungicide sensitivity has been reported; however, the relationship between fungicide sensitivity and molecular phylogeny has not been analyzed.