Isolated Central Nervous System Involvement after Brentuximab Vedotin Treatment for HIV-Positive ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphoma poses a high mortality risk despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although intermediate- or high-grade B-cell lymphomas are common, anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are rare and seldom affect the central nervous system (CNS). Herein, we present a case of HIV-associated ALCL with isolated CNS involvement that occurred following the discontinuation of ART that was administered after treatment with brentuximab vedotin (BV)-which does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

New evidence for the antiquity of (Desmostylia) from the Skooner Gulch Formation of California.

is an extinct marine mammal genus that belongs to Desmostylia, a clade of extinct herbivorous mammals. While desmostylian remains are widely reported from Paleogene and Neogene marine strata of the North Pacific Rim, occurrences of the genus are almost entirely limited to middle Miocene strata, with only a few early Miocene records from Japan. Here we report a tooth from the earliest Miocene (Aquitanian) Skooner Gulch Formation in northern California, USA.

SNARE-binding protein synaptosomal-associated protein of 29 kDa (SNAP29) regulates the intracellular sequestration of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) vesicles in adipocytes.

Aims/introduction: Insulin stimulates translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the perinuclear location to the plasma membrane. In the unstimulated state, intracellular vesicles containing GLUT4 are sequestered into specialized storage vesicles that have come to be known as the insulin-responsive compartment (IRC). The IRC is a functional compartment in the perinuclear region that is a target of the insulin signaling cascade, although its precise nature is unclear.

New data from the first discovered paleoparadoxiid (Desmostylia) specimen shed light into the morphological variation of the genus Neoparadoxia.

Desmostylia is an extinct clade of marine mammals with two major sub-clades, Desmostylidae and Paleoparadoxiidae, known from Oligocene to Miocene strata of the North Pacific coastline. Within Paleoparadoxiidae, three genera have been identified: Archaeoparadoxia, Paleoparadoxia, and Neoparadoxia. The latter taxon is the geochronologically youngest palaeoparadoxiid and Neoparadoxia is characterized by a comparatively larger body size, although it is known only from a few specimens within a short temporal and geographic range.

A "Mammalian-like" Pycnodont Fish: Independent Acquisition of Thecodont Implantation, True Vertical Replacement, and Carnassial Dentitions in Carnivorous Mammals and a Peculiar Group of Pycnodont Fish.

Vertebrates developed tooth replacement over 400 million years ago. Then, 200 million years later, the combination of vertical tooth replacement with the thecodont implantation (teeth in bone sockets) appeared a key morphological innovation in mammalian evolution. However, we discovered that an extinct fish taxon, , showed the same innovation in the lineage Serrasalmimidae, which survived the end Cretaceous mass extinction event.

Pathological Characteristics of a Patient with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Infected with SFTS Virus through a Sick Cat's Bite.

A woman in her fifties showed symptoms of fever, loss of appetite, vomiting, and general fatigue 2 days after she was bitten by a sick cat, which had later died, in Yamaguchi prefecture, western Japan, in June 2016. She subsequently died of multiorgan failure, and an autopsy was performed to determine the cause of death. However, the etiological pathogens were not quickly identified.

The phylogeny of desmostylians revisited: proposal of new clades based on robust phylogenetic hypotheses.

Background: Desmostylia is a clade of extinct aquatic mammals with no living members. Today, this clade is considered belonging to either Afrotheria or Perissodactyla. In the currently-accepted taxonomic scheme, Desmostylia includes two families, 10 to 12 genera, and 13-14 species.

Protein kinase C iota facilitates insulin-induced glucose transport by phosphorylation of soluble nSF attachment protein receptor regulator (SNARE) double C2 domain protein b.

Aims/introduction: Double C2 domain protein b (DOC2b), one of the synaptotagmins, has been shown to translocate to the plasma membrane, and to initiate membrane-fusion processes of vesicles containing glucose transporter 4 proteins on insulin stimulation. However, the mechanism by which DOC2b is regulated remains unclear. Herein, we identified the upstream regulatory factors of DOC2b in insulin signal transduction.

A long-forgotten 'dinosaur' bone from a museum cabinet, uncovered to be a Japan's iconic extinct mammal, (Desmostylia, Mammalia).

Here, we report a new 'discovery' of a desmostylian fossil in the geological collection at a national university in Japan. This fossil was unearthed over 60 years ago and donated to the university. Owing to the original hand-written note kept with the fossil in combination with interview investigation, we were able to reach two equally possible fossil sites in the town of Tsuchiyu Onsen, Fukushima.

How can we reliably identify a taxon based on humeral morphology? Comparative morphology of desmostylian humeri.

Desmostylia is a clade of marine mammals belonging to either Tethytheria or Perissodactyla. Rich fossil records of Desmostylia were found in the Oligocene to Miocene strata of the Northern Pacific Rim, especially in the northwestern region, which includes the Japanese archipelago. Fossils in many shapes and forms, including whole or partial skeletons, skulls, teeth, and fragmentary bones have been discovered from this region.

Recurrent extramedullary relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with the chromosomal abnormality t(8;21) and CD56-positivity.

Isolated extramedullary (EM) relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is rare. Predisposing factors include CD56 expression and the chromosomal abnormality t(8;21). We describe an AML patient showing the chromosomal abnormality t(8;21) and CD56 expression who experienced a unique EM relapse after allo-HSCT.

Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma associated with reversible myelofibrosis.

A 56-year-old man complained of fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia and lymph node swelling. Biopsy of the lymph node demonstrated angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) with the loss of normal architecture, proliferation of neoplastic T cells, small vessels mixed with eosinophils and plasma cells. Aspiration of bone marrow was dry tap, and biopsy demonstrated myelofibrosis with increased proliferation of reticulin fiber.

A case of factor X (FX) deficiency due to novel mutation V196M, FX Hofu.

The patient, a 20-year-old male, was found to have a slightly prolonged prothrombin time (PT). No episodes of bleeding were noted. The measurement of coagulation factors revealed that the level of factor X (FX) activity was solely deficient, 51% (normal range: 70-130% ), and that of FX antigen was 100%.

Sarcoidosis acutely involving the musculoskeletal system.

A 69-year-old man complained of knee pain, subsequent polyarthralgia, and pains of the muscles of the pelvic girdle and thighs. At the same time, erythema of the face and hands appeared. Biopsy of the skin and muscle revealed non-caseating granuloma of epithelioid cells.

Acute myeloblastic leukemia in a patient with hereditary protein C deficiency.

The patient had been diagnosed with hereditary protein C deficiency. She recently developed acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Chemotherapy for AML by cytosine arabinoside, aclarubicin followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CAG) was started.

A breast cancer patient with myelodysplastic syndrome postoperatively treated by radiation and tamoxifen administration--a case report.

A 72-year-old female developed pancytopenia 4 years after breast cancer surgery. She had received regional radiation postoperatively, and tamoxifen for 4 years. Bone marrow examination demonstrated immature myeloblasts and dysplastic cells.

T-gamma delta large granular lymphocyte leukemia preceded by pure red cell aplasia and complicated with hemophagocytic syndrome caused by Epstein-Barr virus infection.

A 51-year-old man developed anemia, and was diagnosed with pure red cell aplasia through the absence of erythroid progenitors. Initially, he was treated with cyclosporine and prednisolone for 6 months but they were ineffective. Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia with the T-cell gamma delta phenotype evolved after 6 months showing CD2+, CD3+, CD8- and CD56- with the T-cell receptor beta gene rearrangement, clonalities of gamma and delta genes and complex chromosome abnormality simultaneously with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS).

A family with hemoglobin Hirosaki.

A 48-year-old man had a 30-year history of hemolytic anemia of undetermined cause. Spherocytes were not observed, osmotic fragility was normal, and red cell enzyme activities were normal. His brother and daughter also had hemolytic anemia.