Correction: In vivo study on the repair of rat Achilles tendon injury treated with non-thermal atmospheric-pressure helium microplasma jet.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Does cessation of combustible cigarette and heated tobacco product smoking immediately following a fracture benefit fracture healing? In vivo and in vitro validation.

Combustible cigarette and heated tobacco products (HTPs), the two most frequently used tobacco products, negatively affect bone healing. However, whether smoking cessation following fracture benefits bone healing is unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of smoking cessation immediately after surgery on reduced fracture healing induced by smoking.

Longitudinal measurement of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein can detect the progression of cartilage degeneration in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients.

Background/objective: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) has utility as a diagnostic marker for osteoarthritis (OA). Our previous study revealed that the serum COMP level can be used to detect early cartilage change in non-OA patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficiency. However, there are still no studies on detecting the progression of cartilage degeneration in early OA.

Parathyroid hormone promotes induction of beige adipocytes and reversibly ameliorates muscle quality and atrophy following chronic rotator cuff tear in a rat model.

Background: Fatty infiltration (FI) and muscle atrophy (MA) in the rotator cuff muscles following rotator cuff tears (RCT) persist postrepair, increasing the risk of re-tears. Brown adipocyte-like "beige adipocytes" are expected to have a therapeutic effect on intramuscular FI and MA due to their lipolytic activity and the muscle regenerative effects of their secreted factors. However, whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) ameliorates the already advanced FI and MA remains unknown.

Fracture healing on non-union fracture model promoted by non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma.

Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma (NTAPP) is attracting widespread interest for use in medical applications. The tissue repair capacity of NTAPP has been reported in various fields; however, little is known about its effect on fracture healing. Non-union or delayed union after a fracture is a clinical challenge.

Peripheral nerve regeneration by bioabsorbable nerve conduits filled with platelet-rich fibrin.

Purpose: To repair peripheral nerve defects and seek alternatives for autografts, nerve conduits with various growth factors and cells have been invented. Few pieces of literature report the effect of nerve conduits plus platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of nerve conduits filled with PRF.

Parathyroid Hormone Inhibits Fatty Infiltration and Muscle Atrophy After Rotator Cuff Tear by Browning of Fibroadipogenic Progenitors in a Rodent Model.

Background: Progressive fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy after rotator cuff tears lead to tendon repair failure and poor outcomes. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are involved in fatty infiltration and muscle homeostasis of skeletal muscle. Inducing FAP differentiation into brown adipocyte-like "beige adipocytes" suppresses fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy.

Anti-Tumor Effect and Neurotoxicity of Ethanol Adjuvant Therapy after Surgery of a Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Wide resection is the main treatment for sarcomas; however, when they are located near major nerves, their sacrifices might affect limb function. The efficacy of ethanol adjuvant therapy for sarcomas has not been established. In this study, the anti-tumor effect of ethanol, as well as its neurotoxicity, were assessed.

Three-dimensional adipose-derived stem cell spheroids exert potent therapeutic effects on rat femur osteochondral defects.

Background: Spheroids can allow three-dimensional (3D) cell culture without scaffolds, potentially promoting the production of growth factors from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). We hypothesized that ADSC spheroids exert more favourable effects on osteochondral defects than ADSCs in two-dimensional (2D) cultures. The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of 2D and 3D cultures of ADSCs on osteochondral defects using animal models.

Periostin increased by mechanical stress upregulates interleukin-6 expression in the ligamentum flavum.

Ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy is a major cause of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Although mechanical stress is thought to be a major factor involved in LF hypertrophy, the exact mechanism by which it causes hypertrophy has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, changes in gene expression due to long-term mechanical stress were analyzed using RNA-seq in a rabbit LF hypertrophy model.

Bone Marrow-Derived Fibrin Clots Stimulate Healing of a Knee Meniscal Defect in a Rabbit Model.

Purpose: To determine the in vivo effectiveness of bone marrow aspirate-derived (BMA) fibrin clots for avascular meniscal defect healing in a rabbit model.

Methods: In 42 Japanese white rabbits, a 2.0-mm cylindrical defect was introduced into the avascular zone of the anterior part of the medial meniscus in the bilateral knees.

The Potential of Using an Autogenous Tendon Graft by Injecting Bone Marrow Aspirate in a Rabbit Meniscectomy Model.

Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) is an excellent source of cells and growth factors and has been used successfully for bone, cartilage, and soft-tissue healing. This study aimed to investigate the histological and biomechanical properties of autogenous tendon graft by injecting BMA and its protective effect against degenerative changes in a rabbit model of meniscal defects. Adult white rabbits were divided into untreated, tendon, and tendon + BMA groups, and meniscal defects were created in the knees.

Transplantation of Parathyroid Hormone-Treated Achilles Tendon Promotes Meniscal Regeneration in a Rat Meniscal Defect Model.

Background: Autologous tendon grafts are used for meniscal reconstruction of surgically removed knee joint meniscus. However, as meniscal reconstruction cannot prevent the progression of cartilage degeneration, additional procedures that confer meniscus-like histological properties to the transplanted tendon are required for improved outcomes.

Hypotheses: Parathyroid hormone (PTH)(1-34) induces cartilage formation in the rat tendon, and transplantation of PTH-treated tendon promotes meniscal regeneration.

3D-cultured small size adipose-derived stem cell spheroids promote bone regeneration in the critical-sized bone defect rat model.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), due to their regenerative ability, have beneficial effects on bone and cartilage defects. In addition, spheroid formation of ADSCs obtained using three-dimensional (3D) culture accelerates the regenerative ability of ADSCs. The study investigated the regenerative effect of 3D-cultured small size ADSC spheroids without a scaffold in rats with defects in the critical-sized calvarial bone.

Heated Tobacco Products Impair Cell Viability, Osteoblastic Differentiation, and Bone Fracture-Healing.

Background: The negative impact of cigarette smoking on bone union has been well documented. However, the impact of heated tobacco product (HTP) use on bone fracture-healing remains unclear. The present study investigated the effect of HTPs on preosteoblast viability, osteoblastic differentiation, and fracture-healing and compared the effects with those of conventional combustible cigarettes.

In vivo study on the healing of bone defect treated with non-thermal atmospheric pressure gas discharge plasma.

Medical treatment using non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) is rapidly gaining recognition. NTAPP is thought to be a new therapeutic method because it could generate highly reactive species in an ambient atmosphere which could be exposed to biological targets (e.g.

Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Detects Early Osteoarthritis in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency.

Purpose: To investigate the ability of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) to detect early osteoarthritis (OA) (International Cartilage Research Society [ICRS] grade 1 or 2 cartilage lesions) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient patients.

Methods: Patients with an ACL injury of Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0 or 1 were enrolled. Serum samples for COMP measurement were obtained before surgery.

A bone replacement-type calcium phosphate cement that becomes more porous in vivo by incorporating a degradable polymer.

This study investigated whether mixing low viscosity alginic acid with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) causes interconnected porosity in the CPC and enhances bone replacement by improving the biological interactions. Furthermore, we hypothesized that low viscosity alginic acid would shorten the setting time of CPC and improve its strength. CPC samples were prepared with 0, 5, 10, and 20% low viscosity alginic acid.

Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is correlated with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic cartilage findings in anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees without osteoarthritic changes.

Introduction/objectives: To investigate the association between serum biomarker [cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3)] levels and clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and arthroscopic findings in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees without osteoarthritic changes on radiographs.

Method: Patients with ACL injury of Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0 or 1 were enrolled. Serum COMP and MMP-3 levels were measured preoperatively.

Biochemical Characteristics and Clinical Result of Bone Marrow-Derived Fibrin Clot for Repair of Isolated Meniscal Injury in the Avascular Zone.

Purpose: To characterize bone marrow aspirate-derived fibrin clot (BMA clot) and evaluate the clinical result of meniscal repair with a BMA clot for isolated meniscal injury in the avascular zone.

Methods: Blood counts of total leukocytes, platelets, and concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) were analyzed with BMA, peripheral blood (PB), BMA clot, and PB clot from 5 patients treated for meniscal repair. In addition, a retrospective analysis of 30 patients with isolated avascular meniscal injuries who underwent repair with a BMA clot was performed to assess rate failure.

Prediction of Risk Factors for Pathological Fracture After Bone Tumor Biopsy Using Finite Element Analysis.

Purpose: We aimed to determine if finite element analysis (FEA) provides useful thresholds for bone biopsy practice patterns.

Methods: The femoral head compression test was performed on rabbit femurs, using FEA to identify the part of the bone that preferentially fractures (n=15/group). Four types of rectangular biopsy holes were made using finite element (FE) models.

Autologous Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membrane to Augment Healing of Microfracture Has Better Macroscopic and Histologic Grades Compared With Microfracture Alone on Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model.

Purpose: To determine the in vivo effectiveness of a single-stage surgical procedure that combines microfracture and an autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane for cartilage repair in a rabbit model.

Methods: Cartilage defects were created in the trochlear groove of the knees of adult white rabbits. Defects were divided into 2 treatment groups: microfracture only (control group) and microfracture covered by a PRF membrane (PRF group).