Gene of the month: C-KIT.

KIT is a gene coding for tyrosine kinase receptor, which was identified as the ligand of stem cell factor. Its role in disease was first identified in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. However, later, this gene was found to be implicated in many other benign and malignant tumors.

Incidence and Prognostic Significance of Androgen Receptors (AR) in Indian Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).

Molecular sub-characterization of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has great therapeutic and possibly prognostic implications. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype of TNBC and secondary aims were sub-categorization and clinico-pathologic correlation of LAR breast cancers. Retrospective study () consisting of 157 TNBC patients.

Actinomycetoma by Nocardia asteroides: A Case Report of a Unique Neglected Tropical Disease From North India.

Nocardial mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease reported worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. It is ubiquitous in nature and is a soil-borne, gram-positive, filamentous, aerobic bacteria with acute angle branching. Traumatic inoculation in endemic areas is the primary mode of infection of this debilitating disease.

High-grade transformation in adenoid cystic carcinoma: Can it be diagnosed on cytology? A cytohistological correlation.

Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ADCC) are distinctive salivary gland neoplasms with characteristic histomorphology. The diagnosis of dedifferentiation/high-grade transformation (HGT) indicates poor prognosis and is most often made on histopathology. We present a case of ADCC arising from a minor salivary gland tumor exhibiting HGT, reaching up to the submandibular gland and having lymph node metastases, suspected on fine-needle aspiration cytology.

Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer: Clinical, pathological, mutational, and outcome analysis.

Introduction: Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) remains a challenge not only for pathologists and surgeons because of the difficulties associated with the diagnostic process and the compelling need for difficult thyroidectomy, but it is also of high clinical relevance because it is responsible for mortality in non-anaplastic follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer.

Materials And Methods: Cases of PDTC within a 30-year period were reviewed by two independent pathologists. Histological features like atypical mitosis, necrosis, capsular, and vascular invasion were studied.

Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of VEGF, PDGF-B, and HER2/neu expression in gallbladder cancer.

Aim: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is usually diagnosed in advanced stages with poor survival. The molecular mechanisms of GBC still remain unexplored. Several angiogenesis factors play a pivotal role in tumor progression.

Eosinophilic esophagitis in children: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary care center.

Background And Aim: The prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is rising in the West. However, data from the Indian subcontinent is limited. In this prospective cross-sectional study, we estimated the prevalence of EoE among children undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE).

Usual breast lump with unusual features.

The co-existence of granulomatous mastitis and collagenous spherulosis in a breast lump is an uncommon finding. The awareness of cytomorphological features can help corroborate a cytological diagnosis. A palpable breast lump in an elderly female warrants urgent attention and fine needle aspiration is a rapid, reliable method of evaluation.

PD-L1 Expression in Ampullary Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Ampullary adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm often treated by the complex Whipple's procedure. Several histological factors predict poor prognosis including pancreatobiliary morphology, presence of lymphovascular, perineural invasion and local or distant metastasis. Systemic therapy with gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil regimens are given with variable benefits.

Predictive and Prognostic Role of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer Treated with Primary Systemic Therapy.

Introduction: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are gaining recognition as an important immunological biomarker with therapeutic potential in breast cancer. In this cohort study conducted on patients with advanced breast cancer treated with primary systemic therapy (PST), the TILs concentration was correlated with response to PST and survival outcomes.

Methods: Patients with primary breast cancer treated with PST between 2016 and 2020 were included in this study, approved by IEC, and registered on ClinicalTrials.

Spontaneous regression in a primary adenocarcinoma of lung with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation.

Spontaneous regression (SR) has been reported sporadically in few tumor types. Its occurrence in non-small-cell lung cancer is relatively rare, more so with adenocarcinoma histology. Various mechanisms of SR have been postulated in literature that may play a role in triggering immune response.

Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination in Reducing the Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in High-Risk Population (BRIC): a Phase III, Multi-centre, Quadruple-Blind Randomised Control Trial.

Introduction: Universal coverage of vaccines alone cannot be relied upon to protect at-risk populations in lower- and middle-income countries against the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and newer variants. Live vaccines, including Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), are being studied for their effectiveness in reducing the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection.

Methods: In this multi-centre quadruple-blind, parallel assignment randomised control trial, 495 high-risk group adults (aged 18-60 years) were randomised into BCG and placebo arms and followed up for 9 months from the date of vaccination.

Reporting Trends, Practices, and Resource Utilization in Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Prostate Gland: A Survey among Thirty-Nine Genitourinary Pathologists.

Neuroendocrine differentiation in the prostate gland ranges from clinically insignificant neuroendocrine differentiation detected with markers in an otherwise conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma to a lethal high-grade small/large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The concept of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic adenocarcinoma has gained considerable importance due to its prognostic and therapeutic ramifications and pathologists play a pivotal role in its recognition. However, its awareness, reporting, and resource utilization practice patterns among pathologists are largely unknown.