Impacts of salinity stress on crop plants: improving salt tolerance through genetic and molecular dissection.

Improper use of water resources in irrigation that contain a significant amount of salts, faulty agronomic practices such as improper fertilization, climate change etc. are gradually increasing soil salinity of arable lands across the globe. It is one of the major abiotic factors that inhibits overall plant growth through ionic imbalance, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and reduced nutrient uptake.

A rare case of genital myiasis in a patient with genital prolapse.

Genital myiasis is an infestation of genital organs by fly larvae, where they feed and develop as parasites. They can cause severe infection, inflammatory reaction and can be linked to psychiatric disturbances. We report a rare case of genital myiasis in an elderly postmenopausal woman aged 82 years from Udaipur, Rajasthan.

Physio-Biochemical Integrators and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Nano-Elicitation Associated Response during (Schult. and Schult. F.) Backer ex K. Heyne Micropropagation.

Bamboos are perennial, arborescent, monocarpic and industrially important non-timber plants. They are important for various purposes, such as carbon sequestration, biodiversity support, construction, and food and fiber production. However, traditional vegetative propagation is insufficient for bamboo multiplication.

Metabolomic response to high light from pgrl1 and pgr5 mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Chlamydomonas (C.) reinhardtii metabolomic changes in cyclic electron flow-dependent mutants are still unknown. Here, we used mass spectrometric analysis to monitor the changes in metabolite levels in wild-type, cyclic electron-deficient mutants pgrl1 and pgr5 grown under high-light stress.

Variations in Idiopathic Short Stature in North India and a Review of Cases from Asian Countries.

Objective: Short stature homeobox () haploinsufficiency underlies idiopathic short stature (ISS) and Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis. The worldwide prevalence of variations in ISS varies from 2.5% to 15.

The Effect of a One-Day Workshop on the Quality of Framing Multiple Choice Questions in Physiology in a Medical College in India.

Background Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are commonly used in medical exams for more objectivity in assessment. However, the quality of the questions should be optimum for a proper assessment of the students. A faculty development program (FDP) may improve the quality of MCQs.

Hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of ERK2 within its D-recruitment site alters its substrate selection.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are dysregulated in many pervasive diseases. Recently, we discovered that ERK1/2 is oxidized by signal-generated hydrogen peroxide in various cell types. Since the putative sites of oxidation lie within or near ERK1/2's ligand-binding surfaces, we investigated how oxidation of ERK2 regulates interactions with the model substrates Sub-D and Sub-F.

Large Language Models in Hematology Case Solving: A Comparative Study of ChatGPT-3.5, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing.

Background Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT-3.5, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing, have shown promising capabilities in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their performance and accuracy in solving domain-specific questions, particularly in the field of hematology, have not been extensively investigated.

Apoptin NLS2 homodimerization strategy for improved antibacterial activity and bio-stability.

The emergence of antibiotic resistance prompts exploration of viable antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) designs. The present study explores the antimicrobial prospects of Apoptin nuclear localization sequence (NLS2)-derived peptide ANLP (PRPRTAKRRIRL). Further, we examined the utility of the NLS dimerization strategy for improvement in antimicrobial activity and sustained bio-stability of AMPs.

Crater formation and deuterium production in laser irradiation of polymers with implanted nano-antennas.

Recent validation experiments on laser irradiation of polymer foils with and without implanted golden nanoparticles are discussed. First we analyze characteristics of craters, formed in the target after its interaction with the laser beam. Preliminary experimental results show significant production of deuterons when both the energy of laser pulse and concentration of nanoparticles are high enough.

Improvement and regulation of steviol glycoside biosynthesis in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a natural sweetener plant that is progressively used not only for its sweetening properties but also for its medicinal properties. The plant contains steviol glycoside (SG) which is reported to be up to 300 times sweeter than sucrose. The plant is said to have no side effects on human health and has been approved by FDA.

Deciphering the binding mechanism of an anti-cancer phytochemical plumbagin with calf thymus DNA using biophysical and techniques.

Plumbagin (PLM), a plant derivative, is well known for a wide range of therapeutic effects in humans including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial. Cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of this phytochemical has been studied which demands further insight. DNA being a major target for several drugs was taken to study against PLM to understand its effects on the cellular system.

Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Cucumis callosus: a Novel Nutritional Powerhouse for the Management of Non-communicable Diseases.

Cucumis callosus (Kachri) is an under-exploited fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family, distributed majorly in the arid regions of India in the states of Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. The fruit is traditionally used by the native people at a small scale by home-level processing. It is a perennial herb that has been shown to possess therapeutic potential in certain disorders.

Translocation of gut commensal bacteria to the brain.

The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional signaling network between the intestine and the central nervous system, is crucial to the regulation of host physiology and inflammation. Recent advances suggest a strong correlation between gut dysbiosis and neurological diseases, however, relatively little is known about how gut bacteria impact the brain. Here, we reveal that gut commensal bacteria can translocate directly to the brain when mice are fed an altered diet that causes dysbiosis and intestinal permeability, and that this also occurs without diet alteration in distinct murine models of neurological disease.

Heparan sulfate modifications of betaglycan promote TIMP3-dependent ectodomain shedding to fine-tune TGF-β signaling.

In pathologies such as cancer, aberrant Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling exerts profound tumor intrinsic and extrinsic consequences. Intense clinical endeavors are underway to target this pivotal pathway. Central to the success of these interventions is pinpointing factors that decisively modulate the TGF-β responses.

Crosstalk between PD-L1 and Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 signaling promotes oral cancer progression, invasion and therapy resistance.

Background: Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)is an antitumor immunity molecule and a great target to cure oral cancer; nonetheless, the limited success can be attributed to many complex pathways and tumor-related interferences.

Methods: In the present study, 150 human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue samples, including 17 adjacent normals, 56 primary tumors, 47 invasive tumors, and 30 therapy-resistant (RT) samples, were included. The parental/cisplatin-resistant (CisR-SCC4/9) cells were utilized for overexpression (Jak1-3 wild type and catalytically inactive), knockdown (PD-L1 siRNA), targeting MAPK/PI3K/Jak-Stat pathways (SMIs) and checking microsomes.

Performance of Large Language Models (ChatGPT, Bing Search, and Google Bard) in Solving Case Vignettes in Physiology.

Background Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools capable of processing and generating human-like text. These LLMs, such as ChatGPT (OpenAI Incorporated, Mission District, San Francisco, United States), Google Bard (Alphabet Inc., CA, US), and Microsoft Bing (Microsoft Corporation, WA, US), have been applied across various domains, demonstrating their potential to assist in solving complex tasks and improving information accessibility.

High-Resolution Computed Tomography of the Temporal Bone in Chronic Otitis Media: An Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Center in Jharkhand, India.

Introduction: Chronic otitis media refers to middle ear inflammation. A radiological exam is a crucial step in this diagnostic process, in addition to a clinical evaluation and an evaluation by an audiologist. For the development of innovative surgical treatment plans for middle ear otitis media with the aim of minimally invasive surgery, accurate information regarding the extent of lesions is required.

Phenylalanine in motion: A tale of an essential molecule with many faces.

Phenylalanine has a unique role in plants as a source of a wide range of specialized metabolites, named phenylpropanoids that contribute to the adjustment of plants to changing developmental and environmental conditions. The profile of these metabolites differs between plants and plant organs. Some of the prominent phenylpropanoids include anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, lignins, glucosinolates and benzenoid phenylpropanoid volatiles.

An Insight into Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults Associated with Recent SARS-COV-2 Infection: A Case Series.

Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome-adults (MIS-A) occur in the postacute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period with a diverse clinical presentation. A high index of suspicion, early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of MIS-A might alleviate COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To report seven cases of MIS-A with evidence of recent COVID-19 infection.

Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiac Function in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of liraglutide on cardiac function in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The present meta-analysis aimed to identify studies testing liraglutide in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We included observational and randomized controlled trials comparing liraglutide with placebo or any other drug alone or in combination with other drugs.

Melatonin modulates L-arginine metabolism in tumor-associated macrophages by targeting arginase 1 in lymphoma.

L-Arginine metabolism plays a crucial role in determining the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages. The M1 macrophages express inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), while the M2 macrophages express arginase 1 and metabolize arginine into nitric oxide and urea, respectively. The tumor microenvironment promotes M2 macrophage polarization and consequently switches the metabolic fate of arginine from nitric oxide towards urea production.

Comparison of safety and efficacy of thoracic epidural block and erector spinae plane block for analgesia in patients with multiple rib fractures: A pilot single-blinded, randomised controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Pain associated with rib fractures is challenging to manage. This pilot trial aimed to assess the efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) compared with thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) for controlling pain associated with multiple rib fractures.

Methods: This randomised, single-blinded, controlled pilot study was conducted on trauma patients who had three or more rib fractures and had been admitted at a tertiary care centre.

Cladistics of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto Genotypes Infecting the Slaughtered Pigs.

Purpose: Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.) consists of the most widespread genotypes (G1, G3) implicated in human cystic echinococcosis worldwide.