Unraveling the enigma: chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology and its causative factors with a specific focus on dissolved organic compounds in groundwater-reviews and future prospects.

Chronic kidney disease is globally recognized as a highly impactful non-communicable disease. The inability of early identification contributes to its high mortality rate and financial burden on affected individuals. Chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) constitutes a significant global public health concern.

Importance of Grading Cataracts in Predicting Recovery Time and Final Visual Outcomes After Cataract Surgery.

Introduction: Cataracts have been considered as one of the major causes for reducing the vision-related quality of life and increasing the risk of comorbidities and mortality among the general population.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the importance of grading cataracts in predicting recovery time and final visual outcomes after cataract surgery.

Method: A retrospective consecutive case review of elective cataract surgeries performed in a tertiary care hospital during a three-year period from 2019 to 2021 was studied.

, an emerging anaerobic pathogen - isolation from a case of polymicrobial peritonitis and review of literature.

Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are surgical emergencies ranging from appendicitis to peritonitis and intrahepatic infections Anaerobic bacteria including spp. and spp. cause 30-50 % of these infections () is an obligate anaerobe part of the human oral microbiota and has been associated with periodontal problems In this report, we describe a rare occurrence of polymicrobial infection with four anaerobes including in a patient with peritonitis caused by a hidden ileal perforation.

Differential phagocytic expression of IC-21 macrophages and their scavenging receptors during inflammatory induction by oxysterol: A microscopic approach.

Phagocytosis by macrophages dates back to a long history in science, this present study deals with new approaches that have been analyzed and standardized towards the interesting aspects of primary and secondary macrophages. The distinct morphological differences in primary and secondary phagocytic cells were observed and the phagocytic response of secondary macrophages under the influence of 7-ketocholesterol and lipopolysaccharide was analyzed. The primary peritoneal and secondary IC-21 cells unveiled explicit differences in nuclear numbers shapes and sizes of the granules present within the cytoplasmic region.

Outbreak of Burkholderia cenocepacia in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Nosocomial outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia complex, transmitted through contaminated medical surfaces or equipment have been reported. Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) is recognized as the "gold standard" for molecular subtyping, yet studies on clonal relationships in India are limited. PFGE was used to study the clonal relationships of 22 isolates of Burkholderia cenocepacia from 12 patients admitted to a critical care unit during 2 months (November and December 2021).

Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates in clinical infections: Experience from a tertiary care hospital, Southern India.

Purpose: Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a diverse group of environmental bacteria associated with opportunistic infections. The identification of Bcc using conventional methods poses challenges. Bcc infections are difficult to treat due to intrinsic antibiotic resistance.

Interactions between macrophage membrane and lipid mediators during cardiovascular diseases with the implications of scavenger receptors.

The onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases with the major underlying cause being atherosclerosis, occur during chronic inflammatory persistence in the vascular system, especially within the arterial wall. Such prolonged maladaptive inflammation is driven by macrophages and their key mediators are generally attributed to a disparity in lipid metabolism. Macrophages are the primary cells of innate immunity, endowed with expansive membrane domains involved in immune responses with their signalling systems.

Occipital Donor Area Grading and Profile in Indian Population.

Background: Safe donor area (SDA) in hair transplant surgery had been categorized by various studies. We designed a study to profile the occipital donor area in our population and devise a grading scale the donor area.

Aim: To profile and grade the pattern of receding hair over the occipital donor area among men in the age group of 50-55 years with androgenetic alopecia (AGA).

Combination and Rotational Therapy in Androgenetic Alopecia.

Management of androgenetic alopecia is a challenge because of its long course, need for continuous treatment, and potential adverse effects of the therapies. In order to enhance efficacy, minimize side effects, and ensure patient compliance, the authors propose a scheme for using combination treatments with a rotational scheme, based on current evidence for efficacy, pharmacokinetic properties, convenience of administration over long term, side effect profile, and patient acceptance.

Crystal-Induced Lower GI Necrosis in a Posttransplant Recipient with Diverticular Disease.

We report the case of a 67-year-old male kidney transplant recipient for 12 years with sodium polystyrene sulfonate crystal-induced ileocecal colitis. He had adult polycystic kidney disease with associated colonic diverticular disease. Here, we describe how a potentially fatal complication of colonic perforation was averted with appropriate investigations and management.

Morphometric Study and Branching Patterns of External Carotid Artery Using Computed Tomography Angiography Among the South Indian Population: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: The prime source of vascularization to the head and neck region is through the carotid arteries. The terminal branches of common carotid arteries, such as external carotid artery (ECA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), and their branches are crucial due to the wide area of distribution and variations in their branching pattern. The branching pattern and morphometry are essential for surgeons in the planning and execution of head and neck surgeries.

Veillonella atypica causing retropharyngeal abscess: A rare case presentation.

Veillonella species are obligate anaerobes which are part of the human oral, gut and vaginal microbiota. The genus Veillonella consists of 16 characterized species. Very few infections due to Veillonella atypica have been reported till date.

Uvula Manipulation and Resonance (UMAR) Treatment for Puberphonia.

Otolaryngologists and speech therapist can be experts in managing specific puberphonia lesions to improve voice. However, not all voice problems have lesions amenable to surgical or medical therapies. Many are associated with maladaptive speech behaviors.

Analysis of mobility based COVID-19 epidemic model using Federated Multitask Learning.

Aggregating a massive amount of disease-related data from heterogeneous devices, a distributed learning framework called Federated Learning(FL) is employed. But, FL suffers in distributing the global model, due to the heterogeneity of local data distributions. To overcome this issue, personalized models can be learned by using Federated multitask learning(FMTL).

Reno protective role of amlodipine in patients with hypertensive chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension (HTN) are closely associated with an overlapping and intermingled cause and effect relationship. Decline in renal functions are usually associated with a rise in blood pressure (BP), and prolonged elevations in BP hasten the progression of kidney function decline. Regulation of HTN by normalizing the BP in an individual, thereby slowing the progression of kidney disease and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, can be effectively achieved by the anti-hypertensive use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs).

Donor Oath: Respect to the Mortal Teacher to Learn Ethics and Humanitarian Values of Anatomy.

The basic framework of the term "respect" is equality recognition. Students and teachers in academic institutions can have varying definitions of respect. Respect in the learning environment is critical for student success.

Data on changes in renal calyceal pattern among renal donors using CT angiography.

It is known that the recovery period after laparoscopic surgery is quicker than open surgery. Therefore, it is important to know the variations of the renal calyceal pattern prior to the laparoscopic surgery during renal surgeries. We analyzed the calyceal system in kidney donors using 64-Slice Computed Tomography Angiography.

Hair Transplant Practice Guidelines.

The field of hair transplant (HT) has grown exponentially in the past decade, especially after the introduction of follicular unit excision (FUE). There is much variation in criteria for case selection, the technique, pre- and post-procedure protocols, by different surgeons. Techniques continue to evolve and evidence in the form of controlled data is not available for all techniques and protocols being used; there is also a debate as to who can do what, what should be the training for staff, role of technicians.

Peri-hilar branching pattern and variations of the renal artery among Indian kidney donors using pre-operative computed tomography angiography: an anatomical study and review.

Background: The peri-hilar branching pattern of renal arteries and variations such as accessory renal artery and early branching of the renal artery are important factors to be evaluated preoperatively to minimise potential complications during renal transplantation and renal surgeries. The present study was done to assess the peri hilar branching pattern of the renal artery and its variation among the renal donors in India.

Materials And Methods: One hundred ninety eight kidneys from 99 donors were analysed using pre-operative computed tomography renal angiograms prospectively, over 1 year 2 months.

A Rare Case Report of Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae Bloodstream Infection in an Uncontrolled Diabetic With Peripheral Vascular Disease.

usually causes respiratory diphtheria, which is considered as a disease of toxemia but never bacteremia. Over the last few decades, cutaneous diphtheria has been increasingly reported owing to the emergence of the non-toxigenic strain, which causes locally necrotic and ulcerative lesions. Bacteremia is very rare, but the existing evidence in the literature suggests that the organism can rarely cause invasive infections such as septicemia, endocarditis, and osteoarthritis.

Longevity of Hair Follicles after Follicular Unit Transplant Surgery.

Background: The longevity of the grafted hair follicles is still debated and there are limited literature available on this topic.

Aim: To assess the longevity of transplanted hairs after follicular unit transfer (FUT).

Materials And Methods: A total of 112 patients who had undergone FUT were included in the study and their results at the end of 4 years were compared with the 1 year post surgery results by standardized images.

Spectrum of Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease is predominantly classified as a movement disorder. Beyond the textbook definition of rigidity, tremors, and bradykinesia, Parkinson's disease encompasses an entire entity of non-motor symptom complexes that can precede the motor features by many years. Despite their significant clinical importance, the awareness of non-motor symptoms is quite negligible.

Plucked Hair as a Substrate for Indirect Immunofluorescence in Cases of Pemphigus Vulgaris.

Introduction: Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) is used to determine the circulating autoantibodies in cases of Pemphigus. For IIF in Pemphigus several substrates had been used. This study was done to determine whether plucked hair can be utilized as a substrate for IIF in cases of Pemphigus.