Bioinformatics analysis of the potential biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Recent research emphasizes the intricate interplay of genetics and epigenetics in neurological disorders, notably Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), both of which exhibit cardiovascular dysregulation, with GBS often featuring serious bradyarrhythmias requiring prompt recognition and treatment. While cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in MS is typically less severe, orthostatic intolerance affects around half of MS patients. Their distinction lies in their autoimmune responses, MS is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, causes demyelination and axon damage, leading to cognitive, ocular, and musculoskeletal dysfunction.

Analysis of gene expression profiles to elucidate racial differences in African American and White patients with Triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the second most diagnosed subtype of breast cancer. It is known to be the most aggressive one that lacks known targetable receptors. One of the concerns in TNBC is the disparities in its prevalence and tumor pathogenesis among women with non-Hispanic African American backgrounds.

Identification of Genes Crucial for Biological Processes in Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis Relapse.

Breast cancer, when advancing to a metastatic stage, involves the liver, impacting over 50% of cases and significantly diminishing survival rates. Presently, a lack of tailored therapeutic protocols for breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) underscores the need for a deeper understanding of molecular patterns governing this complication. Therefore, by analyzing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between primary breast tumors and BCLM lesions, we aimed to shed light on the diversities of this process.

Analysis of Potential Biomarkers in Frontal Temporal Dementia: A Bioinformatics Approach.

Frontal temporal dementia (FTD) is a neurological disorder known to have fewer therapeutic options. So far, only a few biomarkers are available for FTD that can be used as potential comorbidity targets. For example, genes such as , which has a role in breast cancer, and , which has a role in COVID-19, are known to show a role in FTD as well.

Haploinsufficiency of ZNF251 causes DNA-PKcs-dependent resistance to PARP inhibitors in BRCA1-mutated cancer cells.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent a promising new class of agents that have demonstrated efficacy in treating various cancers, particularly those that carry mutations. The cancer associated mutations disrupt DNA double strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR). PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have been applied to trigger synthetic lethality in -mutated cancer cells by promoting the accumulation of toxic DSBs.

ABL1 kinase as a tumor suppressor in AML1-ETO and NUP98-PMX1 leukemias.

Deletion of ABL1 was detected in a cohort of hematologic malignancies carrying AML1-ETO and NUP98 fusion proteins. Abl1-/- murine hematopoietic cells transduced with AML1-ETO and NUP98-PMX1 gained proliferation advantage when compared to Abl1 + /+ counterparts. Conversely, overexpression and pharmacological stimulation of ABL1 kinase resulted in reduced proliferation.

Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.

Background: Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.

Results: To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches.

Interferon-gamma signaling promotes melanoma progression and metastasis.

Interferon-gamma (IFNG) has long been regarded as the flag-bearer for the anti-cancer immunosurveillance mechanisms. However, relatively recent studies have suggested a dual role of IFNG, albeit there is no direct experimental evidence for its potential pro-tumor functions. Here we provide in vivo evidence that treatment of mouse melanoma cell lines with Ifng enhances their tumorigenicity and metastasis in lung colonization allograft assays performed in immunocompetent syngeneic host mice, but not in immunocompromised host mice.

Suppression of Ca signaling enhances melanoma progression.

The role of store-operated Ca entry (SOCE) in melanoma metastasis is highly controversial. To address this, we here examined UV-dependent metastasis, revealing a critical role for SOCE suppression in melanoma progression. UV-induced cholesterol biosynthesis was critical for UV-induced SOCE suppression and subsequent metastasis, although SOCE suppression alone was both necessary and sufficient for metastasis to occur.

HIV-1 gp120 Impairs Spatial Memory Through Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein.

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain an unsolved problem that persists despite using antiretroviral therapy. We have obtained data showing that HIV-gp120 protein contributes to neurodegeneration through metabolic reprogramming. This led to decreased ATP levels, lower mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, and loss of mitochondria , all-important for mitochondrial biogenesis.

Global transcriptional response of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines to health-associated oral bacteria - an study.

Background: We have recently demonstrated that health-associated oral bacteria , , and induce cytotoxicity in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines and downregulate CD36, a cancer-assocaited gene.

Aim: To explore the effect of these three species on global transcriptome of OSCC cell lines.

Methods: Gene expression of cell lines CAL27, SCC4 and SCC25 cocultured with the test species was assessed with Clariom-S Human microarray.

APOE gene region methylation is associated with cognitive performance in middle-aged urban adults.

Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation (DNAm) play a central role in cognition. This study sought to identify DNAm sites in the APOE genomic region associated with cognitive performance in a racially diverse middle-aged cohort (n = 411).

Single cell transcriptomic analysis reveals cellular diversity of murine esophageal epithelium.

Although morphologic progression coupled with expression of specific molecular markers has been characterized along the esophageal squamous differentiation gradient, the molecular heterogeneity within cell types along this trajectory has yet to be classified at the single cell level. To address this knowledge gap, we perform single cell RNA-sequencing of 44,679 murine esophageal epithelial, to identify 11 distinct cell populations as well as pathways alterations along the basal-superficial axis and in each individual population. We evaluate the impact of aging upon esophageal epithelial cell populations and demonstrate age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction.

The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids.

Increased blood lipid levels are heritable risk factors of cardiovascular disease with varied prevalence worldwide owing to different dietary patterns and medication use. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, in particular through reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Genome-wideassociation studies (GWAS) of blood lipid levels have led to important biological and clinical insights, as well as new drug targets, for cardiovascular disease.

Computational analysis of deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms in catechol O-Methyltransferase conferring risk to post-traumatic stress disorder.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the prevalent neurological disorder which is drawing increased attention over the past few decades. Major risk factors for PTSD can be categorized into environmental and genetic factors. Among the genetic risk factors, polymorphisms in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is known to be associated with the risk for PTSD.

Alterations in the Gut Microbiome and Suppression of Histone Deacetylases by Resveratrol Are Associated with Attenuation of Colonic Inflammation and Protection Against Colorectal Cancer.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is known to significantly increase the risk for development of colorectal cancer (CRC), suggesting inflammation and cancer development are closely intertwined. Thus, agents that suppress inflammation may prevent the onset of cancer. In the current study, we used resveratrol, an anti-inflammatory stilbenoid, to study the role of microbiota in preventing inflammation-driven CRC.

Race-specific alterations in DNA methylation among middle-aged African Americans and Whites with metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Identifying epigenetic alterations associated with MetS in African Americans (AAs) and Whites may provide insight into genes that influence its differential health outcomes. We examined DNA methylation (DNAm) and performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of MetS among AAs and Whites with and without MetS.

Genomewide association study of Parkinson's disease clinical biomarkers in 12 longitudinal patients' cohorts.

Background: Several reports have identified different patterns of Parkinson's disease progression in individuals carrying missense variants in GBA or LRRK2 genes. The overall contribution of genetic factors to the severity and progression of Parkinson's disease, however, has not been well studied.

Objectives: To test the association between genetic variants and the clinical features of Parkinson's disease on a genomewide scale.

Novel age-associated DNA methylation changes and epigenetic age acceleration in middle-aged African Americans and whites.

Background: African Americans (AAs) experience premature chronic health outcomes and longevity disparities consistent with an accelerated aging phenotype. DNA methylation (DNAm) levels at specific CpG positions are hallmarks of aging evidenced by the presence of age-associated differentially methylated CpG positions (aDMPs) that are the basis for the epigenetic clock for measuring biological age acceleration. Since DNAm has not been widely studied among non-European populations, we examined the association between DNAm and chronological age in AAs and whites, and the association between race, poverty, sex, and epigenetic age acceleration.

Association between epigenetic age acceleration and depressive symptoms in a prospective cohort study of urban-dwelling adults.

Objective: This study tests associations of DNA methylation-based (DNAm) measures of epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) with cross-sectional and longitudinal depressive symptoms in an urban sample of middle-aged adults.

Methods: White and African-American adult participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study for whom DNA samples were analyzed (baseline age: 30-65 years) we included. We estimated three DNAm based EAA measures: (1) universal epigenetic age acceleration (AgeAccel); (2) intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (IEAA); and (3) extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EEAA).

Analysis of the Deleterious Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Impact on Estrogen Receptor Alpha-p53 Interaction: A Machine Learning Approach.

Breast cancer is a leading cancer type and one of the major health issues faced by women around the world. Some of its major risk factors include body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, family history and germline mutations. Of these risk factors, estrogen levels play a crucial role.