MacaqueNet: Advancing comparative behavioural research through large-scale collaboration.

There is a vast and ever-accumulating amount of behavioural data on individually recognised animals, an incredible resource to shed light on the ecological and evolutionary drivers of variation in animal behaviour. Yet, the full potential of such data lies in comparative research across taxa with distinct life histories and ecologies. Substantial challenges impede systematic comparisons, one of which is the lack of persistent, accessible and standardised databases.

Size and canopy characteristics of community reserves determine primate occupancy in the state of Meghalaya, India, and implications for its conservation.

Globally, the effective protected area network is one of the last resorts for conserving biodiversity. The nature of protected areas depends on the land ownership of the respective countries including India. The landholding in the northeastern states of India remains with native people, thus, 'Community Reserve' (CR) was introduced in 2003.

A tough nut to crack? Proficiency in coconut processing of the Nicobar long-tailed macaque .

The ability to manipulate objects enables macaques to utilize resources well. Coconut () is one such food that has high energy and nutrient value but requires complex motor skills for extraction. In this study, we examined the proficiency of a single group of from Campbell Bay, India, in feeding on different types of coconuts.

Community Reserves: Their significance for the conservation of mammals in a mosaic of community-managed lands in Meghalaya, Northeast India.

Community Reserves (CRs) have been advocated for increasing the protected area coverage in northeast India where the land is primarily owned and managed by local indigenous institutions. To understand the significance of these reserves for the conservation of mammals, we investigated the diversity and abundance of mammals in five CRs in the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya as well as interviewed 75 local villagers to assess the hunting practices and perceptions of the Indigenous Khasis on mammals. We employed 60 camera traps in the CRs and undertook a recce survey (day-time and night-time) for capturing the diversity in the CRs.

Trunk picking from a truncating menu: Dry season forage selection by Asian elephant in a multi-use landscape.

Elephants show a strong selection towards areas with high foraging opportunities at the landscape level making top-down decisions by first selecting patch types within landscapes and finally species within them. Understanding forage selection in a multi-use landscape is critical for prioritising patches for habitat management, ensuring availability of selected forage, helping in minimizing pressure on food crops and subsequent negative interactions with people. We assessed dry season forage selection in a multi-use landscape of West Bengal state, India.

Reactogenicity to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in health care workers: A multicenter observational study in Sri Lanka.

Introduction: The acceptability of a vaccine is an important factor during mass vaccination programs and this is largely dependent on the symptoms of local and systemic reactogenicity. There is paucity of data on the systemic and local reactions experienced by COVD-19 vaccine recipients in South Asia.

Objectives: To identify the early local and systemic reactogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.

A colonoscopic overtube system that creates a 'therapeutic zone' and permits retraction facilitates endoscopic submucosal dissection, was associated with fewer deep bowel wall injuries and instrument exchanges, and required less lifting solution vs classic endoscopic submucosal dissection in an ex vivo bovine model.

Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the 'gold standard' for large flat polyps; nevertheless, the rate of adoption in the USA is low. In ESD, the polyp is 'surgically' detached with a needle knife after a submucosal lift; gravity and the dissection cap are used for retraction. ESD would be easier if active retraction were possible.

Responses of birds and mammals to long-established wind farms in India.

Wind turbines have been recognised as an alternative and clean-energy source with a low environmental impact. The selection of sites for wind-farm often creates serious conservation concerns on biodiversity. Wind turbines have become a serious threat to migratory birds as they collide with the turbine blades in some regions across the globe, while the impact on terrestrial mammals is relatively less explored.

Determinants of habitat occupancy and spatial segregation of primates in the central Western Ghats, India.

Primates are among the globally imperiled fauna requiring urgent conservation interventions to protect their habitat. Information on species distribution and factors influencing it are vital to species management and habitat protection. In this study, we assessed habitat occupancy of the lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus), bonnet macaque (M.

Sustained postoperative plasma elevations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 following minimally invasive colorectal cancer resection.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a serine protease inhibitor that inhibits urokinase-type plasminogen activator and tissue-type plasminogen activator. PAI-1 participates in angiogenesis, wound healing and tumor invasion, and additionally regulates endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis and tumor growth. The purpose of the present study was to measure plasma PAI-1 levels perioperatively in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing minimally invasive colorectal resection (MICR).

Reconstruction using monorail fixator for forearm osteochondroma Masada type I and IIb: A case series.

Introduction: Osteochondroma (solitary) and multiple hereditary exostoses (plural) are defined as a cartilage-capped bony projection arising on the external surface of bone containing a marrow cavity that is continuous with that of the underlying bone. These tumors grow slowly and develop to cause symptoms such as limited range of motion, joint pain, lumps, and deformities. The use of ulnar distraction osteogenesis has gained popularity in treating deformity in forearm osteochondroma.

Acute-shortening and re-lengthening (ASRL) procedure with monorail fixator to treat femur/tibia nonunion: A retrospective study.

Background: The distraction osteogenesis procedure has a high potential to treat bone defect problems. The alternative technique to treat nonunion associated with a bone defect is the acute shortening and re-lengthening (ASRL) procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of ASRL procedure with a monorail fixator to treat femur/tibia nonunion associated with the bone defect.

The cancer testis antigens CABYR-a/b and CABYR-c are expressed in a subset of colorectal cancers and hold promise as targets for specific immunotherapy.

Introduction: Calcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein (CABYR) is expressed in the human germ line but not in adult human tissues, thus, it is considered a cancer testis protein. The aim of this study is to evaluate the CABYR isoforms: a/b and c mRNA expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to determine if these proteins hold promise as vaccine targets.

Materials And Methods: CABYR mRNA expression in a set of normal human tissues, including the testis, were determined and compared using semi-quantitative PCR.

Multitarget-directed therapeutics: (Urea/thiourea) derivatives of diverse heterocyclic-Lys conjugates.

The synthesis of a new small library of molecules containing bis-urea/thiourea pendants in lysine conjugated to three different heterocycles is described. The heterocycles used in this study have benzisoxazole/piperazine/piperidine units. After a detailed antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory evaluation, it was found that the most active compounds are 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19 and 10, 11, 19 and 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, respectively.

Development and Validation of a Mobile Application for Measuring Femoral Anteversion in Patients With Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) provides benefits for 3-dimensional (3D) visualization of femur deformities. However, the potential adverse effects of radiation exposure have become a concern. Consequently, a biplanar imaging system EOS has been proposed to enable reconstruction of the 3D model of the femur.

Influence of habitat conditions on group size, social organization, and birth pattern of golden langur (Trachypithecus geei).

We studied endangered golden langurs in fragmented and altered habitats to understand the consequences of habitat conditions on group size, social organization, and birth seasonality. We selected 12 groups inhabiting forest edge and forest core of Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary (henceforth Chakrashila WLS) and adjoining the Abhaya rubber plantation. Each group was monitored every month from May 2013 to September 2016 and recorded the age-sex of individuals in the group.

Does rank rule? Rank-related grooming patterns in Nicobar long-tailed macaques Macaca fascicularis umbrosus.

Primates maintain social bonds with specific individuals in the group by directing grooming toward them. Social grooming is often targeted toward individuals with whom the most benefits can be exchanged, which are usually the high-ranking individuals. We used the Seyfarth model to investigate whether dominance rank alters the distribution of grooming in a group of Macaca fascicularis umbrosus at Great Nicobar Island.

Synthesis of Dihydrazones as Potential Anticancer and DNA Binding Candidates: A Validation by Molecular Docking Studies.

Background: Accounting for mortality nearly one in four of human and second highest leading cause of death worldwide. Every year, about 10 million new cancers are diagnosed and causing major health issues in both developing and developed countries.

Methods: A series of new dihydrazones were synthesized and screened for in vitro anticancer activity against three different MDA-MB-231, A546 and MCF7 cell lines and validated by DNA binding and molecular docking approaches.

Do males bond? A study of male-male relationships in Nicobar long-tailed macaques .

In primates, males compete for a mate, which is a non-sharable resource. This makes the conditions less conducive for males to have stable relationships. One such special kind of relationship is a bond where the interactions are reciprocated, equitable and differentiated.

Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy, a Palliative Treatment Approach for Patients With Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Description of Method and Systematic Review of Literature.

Background: Peritoneal metastases arise in patients with a variety of primary cancers, and are associated with a poor prognosis. Systemic chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment; however, the morbidity is considerable and the survival benefit is modest. Cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a potentially curative treatment available to a minority of patients; however, most develop recurrent disease.

Splenic flexure mobilization for sigmoid and low anterior resections in the minimally invasive era: How often and at what cost?

Background: Splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) increases left colonic reach for a better vascularized and tension-free anastomosis. Open SFM is challenging due to anatomic position. Minimally invasive SFM improves visualization and minimizes splenic traction.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in lion-tailed macaque Macaca silenus in central Western Ghats, India.

This study examines gastrointestinal parasites in the endangered lion-tailed macaque, which is sympatric with the bonnet macaque that has relocated from nearby towns or agriculture landscapes dominated by humans and livestock. One hundred and ninety-four fresh fecal samples from lion-tailed macaques were collected from a group located at Chiksuli in the central Western Ghats. Of these, 48.

Amino acids conjugated quinazolinone-Schiff's bases as potential antimicrobial agents: Synthesis, SAR and molecular docking studies.

A series of amino acids conjugated quinazolinone-Schiff's bases were synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. All the synthesized analogues (8-43) and the intermediates (1-7) were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. In antimicrobial activity, compounds 12-16, 21-25, 30-34 and 39-43 showed excellent antibacterial activity which is better than the antibacterial standard Streptomycin.