Publications by authors named "Kumar Venkatesan"

The roots of Coleus vettiveroides (CV) have been traditionally used in Indian medicinal systems such as Ayurveda and Siddha for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects. This study examines the antifibrotic potential of CV ethanolic root extract (CVERE) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats. TAA was administered via i.

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Purpose: Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in form of tumor necrosis predicts outcome in osteosarcoma; although response-adapted treatment escalation failed to improve outcome among patients treated with high-dose methotrexate-based (HDMTx) chemotherapy. This study aimed to identify factors predicting tumor necrosis and its impact on survival among patients with non-metastatic osteosarcoma treated with a response-adapted non-HDMTx regimen.

Methods: A retrospective single-institutional study was conducted among non-metastatic osteosarcoma patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy between 2004-2019.

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Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) is a member of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) that catalyzes the deacetylation of both histone and non-histone proteins. Dysregulation and overexpression of HDAC8 are implicated in the development of various complex diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. HDAC8 plays a significant role in cancer progression, contributing to cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance.

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Ageing is a major risk factor for various chronic diseases and offers a potential target for developing novel and broadly effective preventatives or therapeutics for age-related conditions, including those affecting the brain. Mechanisms contributing to ageing have been summarized as the hallmarks of ageing, with iron imbalance being one of the major factors. Ferroptosis, an iron-mediated lipid peroxidation-induced programmed cell death, has recently been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD).

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Article Synopsis
  • * Researchers trained a group of ANNs on various temperature levels (303, 313, 323, and 333 K) using experimental data to improve prediction accuracy and prevent overfitting.
  • * The study highlights the ANNs' effectiveness in predicting properties without further testing and shows their application in multi-pass turning operations in MATLAB, achieving high accuracy and visualization of results with a minimal error margin of 2%.
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Background: The proximal humerus is a common site for primary malignant and benign aggressive bone tumors, necessitating wide resection and subsequent skeletal defect reconstruction. Various reconstruction options include osteoarticular allografts, autografts, endoprosthesis, nail-cement spacer, reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and allograft-prosthesis composites. However, there is no consensus on the optimal reconstruction method.

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 Reconstruction and stabilization of ulnar stump after distal ulna tumor resection is still a matter of debate. We present the outcomes of ulnar buttress arthroplasty without stabilization of the ulna stump in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) of the distal ulna.  Evaluation of functional outcome was performed using Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 93 (MSTS93) score, Modified Mayo Wrist score (MMWS), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire.

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Human transferrin (Htf) is vital in maintaining iron within the brain cells; any disruption results in the development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and other related pathologies, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring phenolic antioxidant, possesses neuroprotective potential and is present in a broad variety of fruits and vegetables. The current work explores the binding mechanism of dietary polyphenol, EA, with Htf by a combination of experimental and computational approaches.

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Chitosan (CS) polysaccharide is expected to exhibit greater ionic conductivity, which can be attributed to its increased amino group content when it is blended with different semiconducting materials. Herein, the work used this conducting ability of chitosan and prepared a heterogeneous MoS-induced magnetic chitosan (MF@CS) composite via the co-precipitation method, which was used to scrutinize the catalytic performance with Methylene Blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG) dyes by visible light irradiation. The saturation magnetization value of the MF@CS composite is found to be 7.

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Introduction: Osteoarthritis of the knee is a leading cause of disability and is a multi-factorial disease. Moreover, it is partly considered a mechanically driven disease in which higher abnormally disbursed forces play a prime role. With the progression of the disease, the gait function declines, so a comprehensive and objective evaluation of gait function would help in prognostic evaluation and management.

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Human transferrin (htf) plays a crucial role in regulating the balance of iron within brain cells; any disruption directly contributes to the development of Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDs) and other related pathologies, especially Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In recent times, a transition towards natural compounds is evident to treat diseases and this shift is mainly attributed to their broad therapeutic potential along with minimal side effects. Capsaicin, a natural compound abundantly found in red and chili peppers, possess neuroprotective potential.

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Tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) is characterized by over secretion of parathyroid hormone caused by long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism. THPT can affect the bones as well as cause extraskeletal calcifications. The bony lesions often mimic multiple skeletal metastases or multiple myeloma.

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Ewing sarcoma (ES) of the spine is a rare childhood cancer with sparse literature on treatment outcomes. We aimed to describe survival outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with spinal ES treated at a single institute in a resource-challenged setting. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with spinal ES registered at a tertiary care oncology center between 2003-2019.

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Oral carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer globally, with one death occurring every hour. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an intercellular protein tyrosine kinase, a key indicator of the development of oral cancer. FAK overexpression leads to the initiation and significant progression of metastasis in head and neck cancers, indicating its vital role in cancer progression and potential as a biomarker for early oral malignant transformation.

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The past couple of decades in particular have seen a rapid increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a debilitating metabolic disorder characterised by insulin resistance. The insufficient efficacy of current management strategies for insulin resistance calls for additional therapeutic options. The preponderance of evidence suggests potential beneficial effects of curcumin on insulin resistance, while modern science provides a scientific basis for its potential applications against the disease.

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Introduction: The outcomes of osteosarcoma in low middle income countries (LMICs) are different due to patients presenting in advanced stages, resource constraints and the use of non-high-dose-methotrexate (HDMTX)-based regimens. This study derived and validated a prognostic score for osteosarcoma that integrates biologic and social factors and is tailored for patients from an LMIC setting using a non-HDMTX-based protocol.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study including osteosarcoma patients enrolled for treatment at a single tertiary care centre in India between 2003-19 was conducted.

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Mucormycosis is a fungal infection which has been regrouped under emerging infectious disease. In this COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of mucormycosis has been reported in many parts of India. Systemic condition that weakens one's immune systems like uncontrolled diabetes, chemotherapy or chronic long-term illness poses a grave threat for this fungal infection.

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Inflammatory well-differentiated liposarcoma is a rare soft-tissue tumor which is predominantly retroperitoneal in origin. We report a 72-year-old male without co-morbidities with suspected urosepsis and an obstructing ureteric calculus. Despite adequate diversion and broad-spectrum antimicrobials, the leukocytosis persisted.

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According to the Indian health line report, 12% of the population suffer from abnormal thyroid functioning. The major challenge in this disease is that the existence of hypothyroid may not propagate any noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, delayed treatment of this disease may lead to several other health problems, such as fertility issues and obesity.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study focuses on how particle size, shape, and morphology influence the effectiveness of oral solid drug formulations and highlights the potential of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SCCO) technology to optimize these parameters.
  • - It explores drug solubility by employing artificial intelligence models, specifically Decision Tree (DT), Adaptive Boosted Decision Trees (ADA-DT), and Nu-SVR, using pressure and temperature as inputs to determine solubility outcomes.
  • - The ADA-DT model outperformed others based on its R-squared score (0.921) and lowest mean absolute error (1.95E-06), identifying optimal conditions for solubility at specific pressure and temperature values.
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Osteosarcoma (OGS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescents which requires a multidisciplinary approach to management. Although chemotherapy and surgery can cure more than half of localized OGS cases, the unique challenges faced by resource-limited countries like India make this outcome difficult to achieve. Various questions in the management of OGS including role of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) in neoadjuvant setting, triplet vs doublet chemotherapy, intensification of chemotherapy based on response in setting of doublet, and indigenous prosthesis in setting of limb salvage need to be defined.

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Background: Early prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is important to aid personalized treatment in osteosarcoma. Diffusion-weighted Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) MRI was used to evaluate the predictive value for response to NACT and survival outcome in osteosarcoma.

Methods: Total fifty-five patients with biopsy-proven osteosarcoma were recruited prospectively, among them 35 patients were further analysed.

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