Factors contributing to disparities in trauma care between urban vs rural trauma centers: Towards improving trauma care access and quality of care delivery.

Background: We aim to explore and target factors contributing to disparities in trauma-care outcomes between urban vs rural trauma centers including EMS protocols, trauma centers' (TC) distribution, infrastructure, and hospital resources.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted from January 1988 through April 1st, 2024, using Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane, ProQuest, and PubMed. Included studies evaluated prehospital and in-hospital factors impacting trauma outcomes in urban and rural care settings.

Emergency Hysterectomy Following Placental Abruption in a Patient With a History of Substance Abuse: A Case Report.

Placental abruption is a serious medical condition that can occur during pregnancy, involving the premature separation of the placenta from the inner uterine wall before childbirth. This detachment often leads to severe bleeding, and if conventional methods prove ineffective in managing the bleeding, a hysterectomy may be deemed necessary to ensure the mother's safety. This case report details the management of a 22-year-old female, gravida IV, para III, who experienced placental abruption during her fourth pregnancy.

Glazing as a bonding system for zirconia dental ceramics.

Studies have reported challenges of debonding of dental zirconia crowns to from luting cement and prepared teeth. The aim of the study was to explore the application of dental glazing systems for enhancing the bonding of zirconia dental ceramics to luting resin cement. Commercial glaze powder and liquid (Vita Akzent) and experimental mica-based glaze powders were used for the study.

Tumefactive Crohn's Disease Mimicking Colon Carcinoma in a Young Female: A Case Report.

Tumefactive Crohn's disease is a rare form of Crohn's disease that may mimic colon carcinoma macroscopically. This case report describes a 28-year-old female who presented with right-sided abdominal pain and a palpable abdominal mass that had persisted for over a month. Multiple hospitalizations failed to provide an accurate diagnosis until an exploratory laparotomy revealed that the "mass" was the cecum and a perforated ascending colon.

Benchmarking Molecular Dynamics Force Fields for All-Atom Simulations of Biological Condensates.

Proteins containing intrinsically disordered regions are integral parts of the cellular signaling pathways and common components of biological condensates. Point mutations in the protein sequence, genetic at birth or acquired through aging, can alter the properties of the condensates, marking the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS and dementia. While the all-atom molecular dynamics method can, in principle, elucidate the conformational changes that arise from point mutations, the applications of this method to protein condensate systems is conditioned upon the availability of molecular force fields that can accurately describe both structured and disordered regions of such proteins.

Benchmarking Molecular Dynamics Force Fields for All-Atom Simulations of Biological Condensates.

Proteins containing intrinsically disordered regions are integral components of the cellular signaling pathways and common components of biological condensates. Point mutations in the protein sequence, genetic at birth or acquired through aging, can alter the properties of the condensates, marking the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS and dementia. While all-atom molecular dynamics method can, in principle, elucidate the conformational changes responsible for the aging of the condensate, the applications of this method to protein condensate systems is conditioned by the availability of molecular force fields that can accurately describe both structured and disordered regions of such proteins.

Resolving Isomeric Posttranslational Modifications Using a Biological Nanopore as a Sensor of Molecular Shape.

The chemical nature and precise position of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in proteins or peptides are crucial for various severe diseases, such as cancer. State-of-the-art PTM diagnosis is based on elaborate and costly mass-spectrometry or immunoassay-based approaches, which are limited in selectivity and specificity. Here, we demonstrate the use of a protein nanopore to differentiate peptides─derived from human histone H4 protein─of identical mass according to the positions of acetylated and methylated lysine residues.

The emerging landscape of single-molecule protein sequencing technologies.

Single-cell profiling methods have had a profound impact on the understanding of cellular heterogeneity. While genomes and transcriptomes can be explored at the single-cell level, single-cell profiling of proteomes is not yet established. Here we describe new single-molecule protein sequencing and identification technologies alongside innovations in mass spectrometry that will eventually enable broad sequence coverage in single-cell profiling.

The Manipulation of the Internal Hydrophobicity of FraC Nanopores Augments Peptide Capture and Recognition.

The detection of analytes and the sequencing of DNA using biological nanopores have seen major advances over recent years. The analysis of proteins and peptides with nanopores, however, is complicated by the complex physicochemical structure of polypeptides and the lack of understanding of the mechanism of capture and recognition of polypeptides by nanopores. In this work, we show that introducing aromatic amino acids at precise positions within the lumen of α-helical fragaceatoxin C (FraC) nanopores increased the capture frequency of peptides and largely improved the discrimination among peptides of similar size.

High-Fidelity Capture, Threading, and Infinite-Depth Sequencing of Single DNA Molecules with a Double-Nanopore System.

Nanopore sequencing of nucleic acids has an illustrious history of innovations that eventually made commercial nanopore sequencing possible. Nevertheless, the present nanopore sequencing technology leaves much room for improvement, especially with respect to accuracy of raw reads and detection of nucleotide modifications. Double-nanopore sequencing-an approach where a DNA molecule is pulled back and forth by a tug-of-war of two nanopores-could potentially improve single-molecule read accuracy and modification detection by offering multiple reads of the same DNA fragment.

Electrical recognition of the twenty proteinogenic amino acids using an aerolysin nanopore.

Efforts to sequence single protein molecules in nanopores have been hampered by the lack of techniques with sufficient sensitivity to discern the subtle molecular differences among all twenty amino acids. Here we report ionic current detection of all twenty proteinogenic amino acids in an aerolysin nanopore with the help of a short polycationic carrier. Application of molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the aerolysin nanopore has a built-in single-molecule trap that fully confines a polycationic carrier-bound amino acid inside the sensing region of the aerolysin.

Rapid and Accurate Determination of Nanopore Ionic Current Using a Steric Exclusion Model.

Nanopore sensing has emerged as a versatile approach to detection and identification of biomolecules. Presently, researchers rely on experience and intuition for choosing or modifying the nanopores to detect a target analyte. The field would greatly benefit from a computational method that could relate the atomic-scale geometry of the nanopores and analytes to the blockade nanopore currents they produce.