Cortical hypometabolism as a predictor of intermittent theta burst stimulation response in treatment-resistant depression patients: An open-label study.

Background: Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is an accepted and approved brain stimulation technique to treat patients with treatment-resistant depression.

Aim: Using neuroimaging, this open-label study aimed to predict the response by observing glucose metabolism with the help of 18-FDG PET scan.

Methods: A total of 25 treatment-resistant depression patients received 15 sessions of iTBS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine in post-stroke anxiety-A pilot prospective randomized open blinded endpoint (PROBE) study.

Objective: The prevalence of post-stroke anxiety (PSA) is reported to be 20%-25%. There is insufficient evidence on the efficacy of antidepressants for treating anxiety in such patients. This Prospective Randomized Open Blinded Endpoint (PROBE) study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of fluoxetine in PSA.

Film thickness-induced optical and electrical modifications in large-area few-layer 2H-MoSe grown by MBE.

Here, we report on a detailed study of film thickness-induced effects on optical and electrical characteristics of ultra-thin MoSe films grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a -plane sapphire substrate. The layer-dependent optical and electrical responses are investigated for MoSe films with different thicknesses (1, 2, 4 and 7 layers). Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) reveals significant variation in optical constants with film thickness in the spectral range of 5.

Restoring initial steps by intermittent theta burst stimulation in complete spinal cord injury patient: a case report.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes damage to neurons and results in motor and sensory dysfunction. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) has been used to induce neuronal and synaptic plasticity by applying a magnetic field in the brain. The plasticity induced in the cortex has an imperative role in the recovery of motor and sensory functioning.

Effective concentration ratio driven phase engineering of MBE-grown few-layer MoTe.

The polymorphic nature of ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials makes the phase engineering of these materials an interesting field of investigation. Understanding the phase-controlling behavior of different growth parameters is crucial for obtaining large-area growth of a desirable phase. Here, we report a detailed study on the effect of growth parameters for engineering different phases of few-layer MoTe on sapphire using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).

Cortical intermittent theta burst stimulation on gait pathomechanics and urinary tract dysfunction in incomplete spinal cord injury patients: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Gait impairment and neurogenic bladder are co-existing common findings in incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), evident to be a promising strategy adjunct to physical rehabilitation to regain normal ambulation in SCI. However, there is a need to evaluate the role of Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a type of patterned rTMS in restoring gait and neurogenic bladder in SCI patients.

The evaluation of frequency and predictors of delirium and its short-term and long-term outcomes in hospitalized older adults'.

Background: Delirium is a common complication in hospitalized older adults with multifactorial etiology and poor health outcomes.

Aim: To determine the frequency and predictors of delirium and its short-term and long-term outcomes in hospitalized older adults.

Methods: A prospective observational study was performed in patients aged ≥60 years consecutively admitted to geriatric ward.

Novel intervention of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with somatic symptom disorder and its safety and outcome.

Somatic Symptom disorders (SSDs) are characterised by the presence of persistent somatic symptoms associated with excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviours related to the symptoms. However, current treatment modalities are non-specific with modest effects. We aim to explore the safety and outcome of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation at medial Prefrontal Cortex in ten such patients.

Need to rethink tDCS protocols for the treatment of alcohol use disorder: Insights from a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial among detoxified inpatients.

Objectives: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic disorder with various health problems. Reduced functioning of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) is associated with impaired regulation of alcohol-seeking behaviors and increased cravings in individuals with AUD. This study aimed to investigate whether 10 add-on sessions of tDCS, over the left DLPFC in detoxified inpatients with AUD could reduce cravings and increase abstinence rates at three months.

Clinical potential and neuroplastic effect of targeted virtual reality based intervention for distal upper limb in post-stroke rehabilitation: a pilot observational study.

Purpose: A library of Virtual Reality (VR) tasks has been developed for targeted post-stroke rehabilitation of distal upper extremities. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the clinical potential of the targeted VR-based therapeutic intervention in a small cohort of patients specifically with chronic stroke. Furthermore, our aim was to explore the possible neuronal reorganizations in corticospinal pathways in response to the distal upper limb targeted VR-intervention.

Individualized closed-loop TMS synchronized with exoskeleton for modulation of cortical-excitability in patients with stroke: a proof-of-concept study.

Background: Repetitive TMS is used in stroke rehabilitation with predefined passive low and high-frequency stimulation. Brain State-Dependent Stimulation (BSDS)/Activity-Dependent Stimulation (ADS) using bio-signal has been observed to strengthen synaptic connections. Without the personalization of brain-stimulation protocols, we risk a one-size-fits-all approach.

Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Chronic Tension-Type Headache: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Nearly 1-3% of the population is affected by chronic tension-type headaches (CTTH). However, it is still difficult to treat owing to the lack of knowledge of the disease's pathophysiology. Available literature suggests a role for pericranial muscle activity and abnormal modulation of central pain.

Role of nuclear energy in carbon mitigation to achieve United Nations net zero carbon emission: evidence from Fourier bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto.

In this communication, the time series data of three major countries USA, France, and Japan from 1965 to 2020 for CO emission, GDP, and nuclear energy (NE) are evaluated. It also analyzed and validated the EKC hypothesis while using nuclear energy for electricity generation. Fourier ARDL is used to investigate the hypothesis criteria, and the Fourier bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto (FBTY) causality test is used for causal linkage between the variables as well as the wavelet coherence; it is also presented the time and frequency dependency of the variables.

Clinical Effectiveness of Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Tasks for Post-Stroke Neuro-Rehabilitation of Distal Upper-Extremities: A Case Report.

A library of non-immersive Virtual Reality (VR) tasks were developed for post-stroke rehabilitation of distal upper extremities. The objective was to evaluate the rehabilitation impact of the developed VR-tasks on a patient with chronic stroke. The study involved a 50-year-old male patient with chronic (13 month) stroke.

Spinocerebellar Ataxia 12 Patients have better Quality of Life than Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1 and 2.

Background: Spinocerebellar ataxia is a neurodegenerative disease. Information on comparative assessment of quality of life (QoL) among SCAs, particularly SCA 12, is scarce. We aimed to compare health-related QoL in SCA 1, 2 and 12.

A novel perspective of associativity of upper limb motor impairment and cortical excitability in sub-acute and chronic stroke.

Background: The global inclination of stroke onset in earlier years of life and increased lifespan have resulted in an increased chronic post-stroke-related disability. The precise and simplistic approach such as the correlation of Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) parameters, Resting Motor Threshold (RMT) and Motor Evoked Potential (MEP), in patients with stroke might play a critical role, given the prognostic value of MEP, a measure of cortical excitability, and might be the key point in prescribing appropriate therapeutic strategies.

Objective: The study aimed to determine the correlation of FMA-based impairment in the upper extremity function specifically of the wrist and hand with respect to the neurophysiological parameters of corticospinal tract integrity.

Longitudinal assessment of disability amongst patients of bipolar and unipolar depressive disorders presenting to a tertiary care center in North India.

Objectives: To assess and compare the changes in disability scores associated with Bipolar Depression (BD) and Unipolar Depression (UD) over 1 year.

Methods: A longitudinal study was taken up in adults diagnosed with unipolar or bipolar depressive disorder with current depressive episode. Diagnosis was made according to Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry.

Magnitude of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with obesity in Northern Indian population.

Background And Aims: To determine the prevalence of different psychiatric comorbidities in patients with obesity and study their relationship with the degrees of obesity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 151 patients with a BMI≥25 kg/m. Subjects with diagnosed psychiatric illness, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease or any neurological illness were excluded.

A Case Report: Effect of Robotic Exoskeleton Based Therapy on Neurological and Functional Recovery of a Patient With Chronic Stroke.

In this study, a novel electromechanical robotic exoskeleton was developed for the rehabilitation of distal joints. The objective was to explore the functional MRI and the neurophysiological changes in cortical-excitability in response to exoskeleton training for a 9-year chronic stroke patient. The study involved a 52-year old female patient with a 9-year chronic stroke of the right hemisphere, who underwent 20 therapy sessions of 45 min each.

Evidence of neuroplasticity with robotic hand exoskeleton for post-stroke rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: A novel electromechanical robotic-exoskeleton was designed in-house for the rehabilitation of wrist joint and Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint.

Objective: The objective was to compare the rehabilitation effectiveness (clinical-scales and neurophysiological-measures) of robotic-therapy training sessions with dose-matched conventional therapy in patients with stroke.

Methods: A pilot prospective parallel randomized controlled study at clinical settings was designed for patients with stroke within 2 years of chronicity.

The Role of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Enhancing the Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which greatly affects patients' quality of life. Despite an exponential increase in PD cases, not much attention has been paid to enhancing their quality of life (QoL). Thus, this systematic review aims to summarize the available literature for the role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) intervention to improve QoL of PD patients.

Endoxifen: A new, protein kinase C inhibitor to treat acute and mixed mania associated with bipolar I disorder.

Objectives: Endoxifen is a protein kinase C inhibitor. The objective of the present phase III study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of endoxifen in treating bipolar I disorder (BPD I) patients.

Methods: A multicenter, double-blind, active-controlled study was conducted using a daily dose of 8 mg endoxifen compared to 1000 mg divalproex, the current standard treatment, in patients with BPD I acute manic episodes with/without mixed features.