All-Oxide-Based Highly Transparent Photonic Synapse for Neuromorphic Computing.

The neuromorphic system processes enormous information even with very low energy consumption, which practically can be achieved with photonic artificial synapse. Herein, a photonic artificial synapse is demonstrated based on an all-oxide highly transparent device. The device consists of conformally grown InO/ZnO thin films on a fluorine-doped tin oxide/glass substrate.

ABC transportome inventory of human pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata: Phylogenetic and expression analysis.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) is one of the two major superfamilies of transporters present across the evolutionary scale. ABC superfamily members came to prominence due to their ability to extrude broad spectrum of substrates and to confer multi drug resistance (MDR). Overexpression of some ABC transporters in clinical isolates of Candida species was attributed to the development of MDR phenotypes.

Effect of potential remineralizing agent and antioxidants on color stability of bleached tooth exposed to different staining solutions.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of staining solutions, remineralizing agent, and antioxidant on color stability of tooth during and after bleaching.

Materials And Methods: Ninety human central incisors were bleached using 35% hydrogen peroxide (Pola office) and allocated to three groups ( = 30). Group I stained with cola-based soft drinks, Group II stained with pomegranate juice, and Group III stained with turmeric.

Neuroprotective Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide in Hyperhomocysteinemia Is Mediated Through Antioxidant Action Involving Nrf2.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid derived from methionine metabolism. Elevated plasma Hcy levels (> 15 µM) result in a condition called hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which is an independent risk factor in the development of various neurodegenerative disorders. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by auto-oxidation of Hcy have been implicated in HHcy-associated neurological conditions.

A study of psychiatric comorbidity after traumatic limb amputation: A neglected entity.

Background: Amputation following trauma is emerging as a major health burden on the medical services and on the families and the society as well. Loss of limbs causes inability to support self and the family that further leads to various psychiatric disorders in many patients. Therefore, the present study is planned to explore psychiatric comorbidity in patients with amputation following trauma.

Hydrogen sulfide attenuates homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity by preventing mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative damage: In vitro and in vivo studies.

Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been implicated in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis has been reported as major mechanism in Hcy-induced neurotoxicity. Hydrogen sulfide (HS), as an antioxidant molecule has been reported to exhibit novel protective effect against Hcy-induced cell damage.

Temporal evolution on SiO surface under low energy Ar-ion bombardment: roles of sputtering, mass redistribution, and shadowing.

Self-organized pattern evolution on SiO surface under low energy Ar-ion irradiation has been investigated extensively at varied ion energies, angles of ion incidence, and ion flux. Our investigations reveal an instability on SiO surface in an angular window of 40° ̶ 70° and for a comprehensive range of Ar-ion energies (200-1000 eV). Different topographical features, viz.

Impact of introducing light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy services for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program India.

Context: Light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy (LED-FM) has been recommended by the WHO and the Government of India over the conventional bright-field microscopy using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining for the diagnosis of sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) suspects.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of LED-FM in detecting TB cases.

Setting And Design: This retrospective cohort study was carried out in December 2016 using secondary data of the years 2011-2012 from designated microscopy centers (DMCs) at Chandigarh, India.

Wide channel broadband CHNHPbI/SnS hybrid photodetector: breaking the limit of bandgap energy operation.

Perovskite-based hybrid organic-inorganic devices have recently demonstrated high potential in optoelectronics. Yet, the preparation of perovskite-based photodetectors over a desired scale without any complex architecture is still challenging. Herein, we proposed a new CHNHPbI/SnS hybrid planar broadband (365 to 850 nm) photodetector, having a wide channel length of 6 mm.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T variant and hyperhomocysteinemia in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients from India.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism (C677T, A1298C) has been implicated in increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels. The present study was designed to investigate the association between MTHFR polymorphism and increased Hcy levels in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) patients. A total of 150 subjects from North India were included in the study, comprising of 100 SAH patients and 50 healthy controls.

Reproducibility analyses of photo-induced pyroelectric photodetector based on vertically grown SnS layers.

The data presented in this article includes the photograph of prepared samples and transient photoresponses for 365 and 850 nm wavelengths at different intensities. The original photographs of the working device made of vertically grown SnS layers on Si substrate are presented from the previous results (Kumar et al., 2017, 2018) [1], [2].

A non-volatile "programmable" transparent multilevel ultra-violet perovskite photodetector.

Due to their outstanding physical properties, perovskite materials are considered to be promising semiconductors for next-generation optoelectronics. However, these materials are often unstable under an ambient atmosphere and ultra-violet illumination. Therefore, the construction of an air-stable visible light transparent perovskite-based ultra-violet photodetector is still highly challenging.

Hydrogen Sulfide in Physiological and Pathological Mechanisms in Brain.

Background & Objective: Hydrogen sulfide [H2S] has been widely known as a toxic gas for more than 300 years in the scientific community. However, the understanding about this small molecule has changed after the discovery of involvement of H2S in physiological and pathological mechanisms in brain. H2S is a third gasotransmitter and neuromodulator after carbon monoxide [CO] and nitric oxide [NO].

The Investigation and Treatment of Diabetic Gastroparesis.

Purpose: This review provides an update on the investigations and treatment options for gastroparesis.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of Medline, PubMed, Embase and OVID was conducted which included all systematic reviews and research articles that focused on the diagnosis, investigations and management diabetic gastroparesis.

Findings: Dietary modifications and pharmacologic treatment with prokinetics to increase gastric motility form the mainstay of treatment.

Amino-acid-encoded biocatalytic self-assembly enables the formation of transient conducting nanostructures.

Aqueous compatible supramolecular materials hold promise for applications in environmental remediation, energy harvesting and biomedicine. One remaining challenge is to actively select a target structure from a multitude of possible options, in response to chemical signals, while maintaining constant, physiological conditions. Here, we demonstrate the use of amino acids to actively decorate a self-assembling core molecule in situ, thereby controlling its amphiphilicity and consequent mode of assembly.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pharmacotherapy.

Purpose: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the commonest cause of neuropathy worldwide, and its prevalence increases with the duration of diabetes. It affects approximately half of patients with diabetes. DPN is symmetric and predominantly sensory, starting distally and gradually spreading proximally in a glove-and-stocking distribution.

Silver-Nanowire-Embedded Transparent Metal-Oxide Heterojunction Schottky Photodetector.

We report a self-biased and transparent CuO/TiO heterojunction for ultraviolet photodetection. The dynamic photoresponse improved 8.5 × 10% by adding silver nanowires (AgNWs) Schottky contact and maintaining 39% transparency.

Effect of different antioxidants on reversing compromised resin bond strength after enamel bleaching: An study.

Objective: The effect of 10% sodium ascorbate, 10% α-tocopherol, 10% grape seed extract, and 10% guava seed extract solutions on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to bleached enamel was evaluated.

Materials And Methods: Labial enamel surfaces of 72 extracted maxillary central incisors were bleached using 37.5% hydrogen peroxide.

Biomimetic temporal self-assembly via fuel-driven controlled supramolecular polymerization.

Temporal control of supramolecular assemblies to modulate the structural and transient characteristics of synthetic nanostructures is an active field of research within supramolecular chemistry. Molecular designs to attain temporal control have often taken inspiration from biological assemblies. One such assembly in Nature which has been studied extensively, for its well-defined structure and programmable self-assembly, is the ATP-driven seeded self-assembly of actin.

Compliance-Free Multileveled Resistive Switching in a Transparent 2D Perovskite for Neuromorphic Computing.

We demonstrate the pulsed voltage tunable multileveled resistive switching (RS) across a promising transparent energy material of (CHNH)PbBr. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results confirm the growth of (001) plane-orientated nanostructures of (CHNH)PbBr with an average size of ∼360 nm. The device depicts optical transmittance higher than 70% in the visible region and efficient absorbance in the ultraviolet region.

High-performing ultrafast transparent photodetector governed by the pyro-phototronic effect.

In this work we utilized the advantage of the photo-induced pyroelectric effect - known as "Pyro-phototronic" - to design a self-powered, ultrafast, transparent ultraviolet (UV, 365 nm) photodetector. The device architecture contains an UV absorbing pyroelectric ZnO layer sandwiched between hole-selective V2O5 and a bottom ITO electrode. In addition, the device shows a high optical transmittance, >70%, in the entire visible region.

Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Studies of Propargyl-Containing 2,4,6-Trisubstituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Anti-Parkinson Agents.

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors are potential drug candidates for the treatment of various neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease. A total of 20 new propargyl-containing 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and screened for MAO inhibition using Amplex Red assays. All the synthesized compounds were found to be reversible and selective inhibitors of the MAO-B isoform at sub-micromolar concentrations.

Statistical optimization for lipase production from solid waste of vegetable oil industry.

The production of biofuel using thermostable bacterial lipase from hot spring bacteria out of low-cost agricultural residue olive oil cake is reported in the present paper. Using a lipase enzyme from Bacillus licheniformis, a 66.5% yield of methyl esters was obtained.

To evaluate and compare the effect of different light-curing modes and different liners on cuspal deflection in premolar teeth restored with bulk filled or incrementally filled composite measured at different time intervals.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and to compare the effect of different light-curing modes and different liners on cuspal deflection in premolar teeth restored with bulk filled or incrementally filled composite measured at different time intervals.

Materials And Methods: The study was divided into two parts (Part 1-different curing modes, Part 2-different liner) each with sixty extracted human upper premolar teeth with standardized large mesio-occlusal-distal cavities prepared. Each part was divided into two groups according to the composite used (Group A-Filtek Z350 XT, Group B-Sonic fill).

Strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in Co films on highly ordered grating-like nanopatterned Ge surfaces.

We present a systematic investigation on uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) in Co thin films induced by high aspect ratio nanopatterned anisotropic substrates. Self-organized long grating-like nanostructures, with extreme regularities, are fabricated on Ge surfaces using Au-ion implantation at room temperature. Subsequently deposition of Co films are carried out on the same at two different angles.