Root apoplastic barrier mechanism: an adaptive strategy to protect against salt stress.

From soil to plant, the water and ions, enter the root system through the symplast and apoplast pathways. The latter gains significance under salt stress and becomes a major port of entry of the dissolved salts particularly the sodium ions into the root vasculature. The casparian strip (CS), a lignified barrier circumambulating the root endodermal cells' radial and transverse walls regulates the movement of water and solutes in and out of the stele.

Molecular approaches for the management of papaya ringspot virus infecting papaya: a comprehensive review.

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a catastrophic disease that causes huge yield losses in papaya cultivation around the world. Yield losses in severely infected plants can be upto 100%. Because of this disease, papaya cultivation has been shifted to other crops in some areas of the world.

Cervicomedullary cavernous malformation of the C1 nerve root: illustrative case.

Background: Cavernous malformations (CMs) originating from spinal nerve roots are rare but can present with rapidly progressing neurological deficits. Therefore, quick identification and treatment are essential.

Observations: The authors present the case of a 52-year-old male presenting with headaches and gait disturbance, found to have a CM of the C1 nerve root.

Introgression of blast and bacterial blight disease resistance genes in a rice genotype ADT43 through marker assisted back cross breeding.

Bacterial Leaf Blight ( pv. ) and blast () are the major biotic stresses around the rice-growing zones of the world. The development of resistant varieties through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding is the utmost economical and eco-friendly method for achieving stable yield.

Comparative Evaluation of the Apical Sealability of AH Plus and RealSeal SE Using 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite with 17% EDTA and 10% Citric Acid as Irrigants-An Study.

Background: Apical microleakage is considered to be a common reason for the clinical failure of endodontic therapy. Three dimensional sealing of the root canal is one of the main goals of endodontic treatment and is essential for preventing reinfection of the canal and for preserving the health of the periapical tissues, Recently Epoxy resin sealers have been used because of their reduced solubility apical seal and micro-retention to root dentine.

Aim And Objective: This in vitro study was done to evaluate and compare the apical sealability of AH Plus and RealSeal SE using 5.

Effect of Chitosan Irrigant and Lubricating Gel on Bond Strength of Resin Sealer to Radicular Dentin: An In Vitro Study.

Background: The adhesive strength of sealers to dentin is influenced by various factors, and the presence of a smear layer is among the critical variables. Chitosan, known for its dentin compatibility, has previously demonstrated a reduction in dentin change and resin sealer bond strength comparable to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) when used as an irrigant and final rinse. The study investigates the impact of chitosan, used as both a lubricating gel and final rinse, on the push-out bond strength of resin sealer.

Profiling of Groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus-responsive microRNA and their targets in tomato based on deep sequencing.

Tomato, an extensively cultivated vegetable crop produces miRNAs in response to infection with Groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus, a viral pathogen causing significant economic losses. High-throughput miRNA sequencing was performed on tomato leaves inoculated with GBNV and mock-inoculated leaves as controls. Analysis revealed 73 known miRNAs belonging to 24 miRNA families, with variable expression levels.

Large library docking for cannabinoid-1 receptor agonists with reduced side effects.

Large library docking can reveal unexpected chemotypes that complement the structures of biological targets. Seeking new agonists for the cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R), we docked 74 million tangible molecules, prioritizing 46 high ranking ones for de novo synthesis and testing. Nine were active by radioligand competition, a 20% hit-rate.

New insights into the poleward migration of tropical cyclones and its association with Hadley circulation.

Recent investigations have shown a robust signature of poleward migration of the tropical cyclone latitudes using observations and climate model simulations. Most of these studies invoked the role of the Hadley circulation (HC) expansion in the poleward shifting of tropical cyclones. However, none of these studies focused on the dissection of the zonally asymmetric HC into ascending and descending regions at regional scales, which holds the key in establishing the association between these two phenomena.

Step-wise activation of a Family C GPCR.

Metabotropic glutamate receptors belong to a family of G protein-coupled receptors that are obligate dimers and possess a large extracellular ligand-binding domain (ECD) that is linked via a cysteine-rich domain (CRDs) to their 7-transmembrane (TM) domain. Upon activation, these receptors undergo a large conformational change to transmit the ligand binding signal from the ECD to the G protein-coupling TM. In this manuscript, we propose a model for a sequential, multistep activation mechanism of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5.

Vascular anomaly, lipoma, and polymicrogyria associated with schizencephaly: developmental and diagnostic insights. Illustrative case.

Background: Schizencephaly is an uncommon central nervous system malformation. Intracranial lipomas are also rare, accounting for approximately 0.1% of brain "tumors.

Outcomes of accelerated collagen cross linking in progressive paediatric keratoconus.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of pediatric accelerated cross linking (CXL).

Methods: A prospective study on progressive keratoconus (KC) cases under ≤18 years of age. Sixty four eyes of thirty nine cases underwent epithelium-off accelerated CXL protocol.

Intravitam Diagnosis of Rabies in Patients with Acute Encephalitis: A Study of Two Cases.

Rabies is one of the oldest known zoonotic diseases. Rhabdovirus, an RNA virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus and family Rhabdoviridae, causes rabies. Rabies diagnosis is challenging as the rabies virus remains confined to neurons after the initial animal bite.

Collateral status, hyperglycemia, and functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke.

Background: Mixed data exist regarding the association between hyperglycemia and functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke when accounting for the impact of leptomeningeal collateral flow. We sought to determine whether collateral status modifies the association between treatment group and functional outcome in a subset of patients with large vessel occlusion enrolled in the Stroke Hyperglycemia Insulin Network Effort (SHINE) trial.

Methods: In this post-hoc analysis, we analyzed patients enrolled into the SHINE trial with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who underwent imaging with CT angiography prior to glucose control treatment group assignment.

Balamuthia mandrillaris brain infection: a rare cause of a ring-enhancing central nervous system lesion. Illustrative case.

Background: An 80-year-old man presented with subacute mental status change, dizziness, and left-sided vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a ring-enhancing right parietooccipital lesion.

Observations: Biopsy and laboratory testing demonstrated an amoebic Balamuthia mandrillaris infection.

Botanicals and Oral Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration: A Paradigm Shift from Artificial to Biological Replacement.

Stem cells are a well-known autologous pluripotent cell source, having excellent potential to develop into specialized cells, such as brain, skin, and bone marrow cells. The oral cavity is reported to be a rich source of multiple types of oral stem cells, including the dental pulp, mucosal soft tissues, periodontal ligament, and apical papilla. Oral stem cells were useful for both the regeneration of soft tissue components in the dental pulp and mineralized structure regeneration, such as bone or dentin, and can be a viable substitute for traditionally used bone marrow stem cells.

Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Pediatric Patients.

The optimal management of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the pediatric population has not been well studied. There are a limited number of research articles studying the management of TBI in children. Given the prevalence of severe TBI in the pediatric population, it is crucial to develop a reference TBI management plan for this vulnerable population.