Development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enoyl Acyl Reductase (InhA) Inhibitors: A Mini-Review.

This review article delves into the critical role of Enoyl acyl carrier protein Reductase (InhA; ENR), a vital enzyme in the NADH-dependent acyl carrier protein reductase family, emphasizing its significance in fatty acid synthesis and, more specifically, the biosynthesis of mycolic acid. The primary objective of this literature review is to elucidate diverse scaffolds and their developmental progression targeting InhA inhibition, thereby disrupting mycolic acid biosynthesis. Various scaffolds, including thiourea, piperazine, thiadiazole, triazole, quinazoline, benzamide, rhodanine, benzoxazole, and pyridine, have been systematically explored for their potential as InhA inhibitors.

Liposomes: An Emerging Strategy for the Effective Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Background: A Liposomal delivery system is a novel and distinguishing way of organized medicine administration. The advancements in liposomal technology allow for controlled drug distribution to treat rheumatoid arthritis effectively. Liposomes are microscopic lipid-based vesicles that have shown promise in transporting substances, such as superoxide dismutase, hemoglobin, erythrocyte interleukin-2, gamma interferon, and smaller compounds.

Decoding Therapeutic Applications of Quercetin: Recent Advancements in Nanotechnological Strategies.

For centuries, people have used herbal medicine to treat a diversity of health complications and as a natural substance, they have a favourable effect on our health. Herbal ingredients can be utilized as lead molecules in the innovation and development of a new drug. Flavonoids are a class of chemical compounds with diverse phenolic structures, and they are found in a wide variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, cereals, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea, and wine.

Edible Vaccines: A Patent-Driven Exploration of Immunization Technologies.

Vaccines are biological preparations that improve immunity to particular diseases. Particularly for poor developing nations, edible vaccines show significant potential as a financially advantageous, simple to administer, straightforward to store, fail-safe, and socially and culturally acceptable vaccine delivery system. A vaccine incorporates the gene-encoding bacterial or viral disease-causing agent in plants without losing its immunogenic property.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Phytoconstituents for Addressing Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neurodegenerative disorder is a serious condition that is caused by abnormal or no neurological function. Neurodegenerative disease is a major growing cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, especially in the elderly. After World War Ⅱ, eugenics term was exterminated from medicines.

Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Effectiveness of Quercetin: A Dietary Supplement.

Fruits and vegetables (like apples, citrus, grapes, onions, parsley, etc.) are the primary dietary sources of quercetin. In addition, isolated quercetin is also available on the market as a dietary supplement with a daily dose of up to 1000 mg/d.

Supersaturation Behavior: Investigation of Polymers Impact on Nucleation Kinetic Profile for Rationalizing the Polymeric Precipitation Inhibitors.

Background: Although nucleation kinetic data is quite important for the concept of supersaturation behavior, its part in rationalizing the crystallization inhibitor has not been well understood.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the nucleation kinetic profile of Dextromethorphan HBr (as an ideal drug, BCS-II) by measuring liquid-liquid phase segregation, nucleation induction time, and Metastable Zone width.

Methods: Surfeit action was examined by a superfluity assay of the drug.

Role of Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: An Explicative Review.

Apoptosis is a complex regulatory, active cell death process that plays a role in cell development, homeostasis, and ageing. Cancer, developmental defects, and degenerative diseases are all pathogenic disorders caused by apoptosis dysregulation. Osteoarthritis (OA) is by far the most frequently diagnosed joint disease in the aged, and it is characterized by the ongoing breakdown of articular cartilage, which causes severe disability.

Chebulinic Acid: An Incipient Anticancer Agent.

Background: ) comprising chebulinic acid as its principle active constituent is used to cure various diseases. and chebulinic acid are used as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, radioprotective, cardioprotective, antiproliferative, antiarthritic, anticaries, and so on.

Objective: The objective of this current study is to give an overview of the recent literature and patents of and chebulinic acid including methods of its isolation/extraction and their application in the prevention of various cancers and other diseases.

In silico docking based screening of constituents from Persian shallot as modulators of human glucokinase.

Purpose: Small molecule glucokinase (GK) modulators not only decrease fasting and basal plasma sugar contents but also progress glucose tolerance. The hydro-ethanolic extract of the Persian shallot ( Boiss.) decreased blood glucose, improved plasma insulin and amplified GK action.

Targeted Approach to Enhance the Solubility of Weakly Soluble Drugs by Nanocrystal Technology.

About 90% of the newly discovered drugs are poorly soluble in water, to overcome this problem, nanocrystal technology is used. Nanocrystal technology is a modern technique that is specially used to increase the solubility of less soluble drugs. Production of a nanocrystal on a large scale can be done by techniques like homogenization (high-pressure), precipitation, and milling methods.

Microsponges: A Neoteric Approach for the Effective Management of Osteoarthritis.

Background: A microsponge delivery system (MDS) is a cutting-edge and distinctive method of structured medication delivery. Regulated drug distribution is now possible with the use of microsponge technology. Techniques for drug release are created specifically to distribute medications to the body's various locations.

COVID-19 Vaccination Program for Children: An Electronic Assessment of Symptoms.

Background: The evolution of COVID-19 vaccinations, which are mostly seen as crucial to curb the epidemic, is a result of remarkable and ground-breaking researches by scientists around the world.

Objective: The main goal of this study was to identify the significant adverse reactions of these vaccines, specifically in .

Methods: In this research, a trial version of Qualtrics CoreXM software was used, and 18 questionnaires were prototyped as part of an online survey that was done in the northern part of India.

Nanotechnology a Boon for Colorectal Cancer Treatment.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most widely spread tumor among the human population. It is usually adenocarcinomatous and develops as a polyp on the inner wall of the colon or rectum which may become malignant with time. Though its treatment is limited, its early diagnosis and prevention play a better role, thereby decreasing mortality rates.

An Investigation on Self-Medication Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among the Indian Population.

Background: Self-medication has both negative and beneficial effects on people's health, as the COVID-19 epidemic has demonstrated. The goal of the study is to look into the epidemiology of self-medicated medications used for respiratory symptoms, as a COVID-19 preventive, for its symptoms, or after a positive COVID-19 test, and to see how symptom relief is viewed in India, as well as what demographic factors encourage self-medication.

Methods: Using a trial version of Qualtrics Core XM software to prototype 24 surveys, a webbased questionnaire was built, tested, and disseminated in several Indian states.

Formulation, Development, and Evaluation of Escitalopram Fast Dissolving Tablets.

Background: Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), acts by increasing the serotonin level in the brain and is used widely for the management of depression and anxiety disorders. However, the poor dissolution rate of escitalopram due to less water solubility is a consequential problem confronting the pharmaceutical industry in developing pharmaceutical dosage forms for oral delivery systems.

Objective: The present work aims to deliver a novel formulation for improving the dissolution profile and, thus, the bioavailability of escitalopram.

Targeting human Glucokinase for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: an overview of allosteric Glucokinase activators.

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide impacting disorder and the ratio through which the number of diabetic patients had increased worldwide, puts medical professionals to serious stress for its effective management. Due to its polygenic origin and involvement of multiple genes to its pathophysiology, leads to understanding of this ailment more complex. It seems that current interventions, such as dietary changes, life style changes and drug therapy such as oral hypoglycaemics and insulin, are unable to halt the trend.

Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Evidence of Hesperidin as Neuroprotective Agent.

Background: Neuroprotection is preserving neural function in various neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis. Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside in citrus fruits such as sweet oranges and lemons, possesses many biological effects, including neuroprotection.

Objective: The study aims to explore the neuropharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of hesperidin in the management of neurodegenerative disorders.

An Electronic Evaluation of Symptoms in People of India Post-COVID-19 Vaccination.

Background: Remarkable and groundbreaking performances of scientists all over the globe have led to the evolution of COVID-19 vaccines, which are extensively viewed as means to control the epidemic. The primary purpose of this research work was to discover the major side effects of the vaccines, mainly in Homo sapiens.

Methods: An online survey was conducted in various cities of Haryana, India, using a trial version of QualtricsCoreXM software to prototype 20 questionnaires.

A Review of Clinical Studies Assessing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Escitalopram: A Step Towards Development.

Background: Major depression is a debilitating, sometimes fatal disorder, deteriorating the quality of life and well-being. Escitalopram showed highly selective and dose-dependent inhibitory activity on human serotonin transport. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line drugs to manage major depressive disorder (MDD).

Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Step towards Treatment of Cancer.

Background: Transdermal drug delivery is an emerging and appealing alternative to oral and hypodermic drug delivery systems. With the new developments in skin penetration techniques, anticancer drugs ranging from hydrophilic macromolecules to lipophilic drugs can be administered via a transdermal route to treat cancer.

Objective: In the present review, various approaches to enhance the transdermal delivery of drugs are discussed, including micro and nanotechnology-based transdermal formulations like chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, phototherapy, vaccines, and medical devices.

Eudragit, a Nifty Polymer for Anticancer Preparations: A Patent Review.

Background: Polymers are the backbone of modern pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery technologies. Polymers that may be natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic are used to control the release of drugs in a pre-programmed fashion. The drug delivery systems are mainly prepared to enhance the bioavailability, site-specific release, sustained release, controlled release, i.

HPMC- A Marvel Polymer for Pharmaceutical Industry-Patent Review.

At the present time, designing of defined release dosage forms, either controlled, sustained, modified, are gaining much importance. For the development of such delivery systems, proper blend of polymers is required so that drug release occurs by polymer erosion, swelling, diffusion/ dissolution. HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) is the most commonly used cellulosic polymer available in various grades to develop such types of systems.

Chitosan - A Potential Polymer to Prepare Anticancer Drug Delivery Systems: Patent Review.

Background: Polymers are used in drug delivery systems to encapsulate and release the drug. Natural polymers have the advantages of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and recognizable biological moieties that maintain cellular functions as compared to synthetic polymers. Chitosan is a natural polycationic linear polysaccharide that originates from chitin.

Formulation optimization and characterization of transdermal film of curcumin by response surface methodology.

Objective: India is referred as goldmine of herbal drugs but still lack of optimization of herbal drugs, which has kept us on the back foot. The rationale of the study is to prepare optimized transdermal drug delivery system of curcumin employing response surface methodology to study the collective effect of independent variables like concentration of ethyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose and dibutyl phthalate which significantly influenced characteristics like percentage elongation and drug release.

Method: Twenty formulations containing varying concentrations of polymers and permeation enhancer were prepared using solvent casting technique.