Gender, gestation, and birthweight-based differences in the timing of passage of first urine and meconium in neonates: A prospective observational study.

Introduction: The cut-off for referral to a higher center and further investigations for the delayed passage of first urine and meconium by a neonate have been traditionally kept after 48 hours of birth. There are very few studies regarding this in Indian neonates, and previous studies have relied primarily on the mother's recall of the event which may have led to recall bias. Therefore, through this study, we wanted to use hospital intake/output records to identify the risk factors that affect the timing of passage of first urine and stool in neonates delivered at our center and to find out if the cut-off of 48 hours to call it a delay is justifiable.

Sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes using Withania somnifera decorated MnO nanoparticles.

This study presents a unique, fast, and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing MnO nanoparticles (MnO NPs) utilizing Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extract. The formation of nanoparticles was indicated by a color change from dark purple to dark brown within 10 min and validated through techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Bromocresol green and Bromothymol blue were established as standards for assessing the photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized nanoparticles.

Carbon Quantum Dots Based Nanocomposite for Selective Mercury Detection.

The emergence of 2D carbon-based materials has a profound impact on various research areas, such as biosciences, electronics, optics, environmental protection, and monitoring. Mercury, a highly toxic pollutant, can cause severe health complications such as neural toxicity, insomnia, cognitive dysfunction, muscle atrophy, peripheral vision impairment, and emotional instability. A suitable 2D nanostructural interface is required to effectively monitor mercury levels in the environment.

Developing and validating Questionnaire for Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among the caretakers for Risk factors in Otitis media (RFOMQ-24) in children.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire for analyzing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) about risk factors in otitis media (OM) in children among their caretakers.

Methods: The questionnaire was developed following a standardized protocol that consisted of a literature search, peer review, item generation, and expert validation, for construct, content and face validity of items in the questionnaire followed by a cross-sectional survey on 100 caretakers, this was followed by the reliability test of the items in Questionnaire.

Results: A KAP questionnaire with 24 items categorized under three domains knowledge, attitude, and practices was developed.

Digitally Driven Short- and Intermediate-term Courses of Primary Care Psychiatry for Doctors: A Theme-based Analysis and Performance Audit.

Background: The National Mental Health Survey of India 2015-2016 identified a substantial treatment gap in mental healthcare, emphasizing the urgent need for improved training of primary care doctors (PCDs) in managing psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three digitally delivered primary care psychiatry courses offered by the department of psychiatry in a tertiary neuropsychiatric center: the Certificate Course in Primary Mental Healthcare (CCPMH), the Diploma in Community Mental Health (DCMH), and the Diploma in Primary Care Psychiatry (DPCP).

Methods: Based on the board of studies documents, including curriculum, delivery methods, accreditation criteria, and outcomes, a comparative and thematic analysis of the courses was conducted.

Exploring vision transformers and XGBoost as deep learning ensembles for transforming carcinoma recognition.

Early detection of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), one of the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide, significantly enhances the prognosis of patients. This research presents a new method for improving CRC detection using a deep learning ensemble with the Computer Aided Diagnosis (CADx). The method involves combining pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models, such as ADaRDEV2I-22, DaRD-22, and ADaDR-22, using Vision Transformers (ViT) and XGBoost.

Assessment of gastrointestinal nematode infections in dairy cattle and the associated risk factors in Northern China.

Importance: Gastrointestinal nematodiasis poses significant economic losses in the livestock industry due to mortality, morbidity, and decreased production.

Objective: This study examined the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodiasis in dairy cattle in Central Inner Mongolia, Northern China, the associated risk factors, and the effects on the pepsinogen and gastrin levels.

Methods: Fecal samples (n = 590) were collected from four regions and analyzed using the standard floatation and sedimentation techniques.

Comparative analysis of stomatal characteristics and Erysiphe necator (Schw.) Burrill resistance in diverse Vitis sp.

Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator poses a major challenge for grapevine cultivation. This study investigates how stomatal and structural traits influence resistance to this pathogen across diverse Vitis genotypes. Microscopic analysis revealed significant variations in stomatal characteristics.

Designing and Implementing the Psychiatrist-led Personalized Mentorship Programs: The Role and Impact of Live Consultation-driven Training Methods.

Background: Clinical training in traditional medical education often needs more translational value, especially for in-service MBBS doctors working in primary health centers (PHCs), who provide first-line treatment for psychiatric disorders. To address this gap, a psychiatrist-led personalized mentorship program incorporating three live consultation-driven training (CDT) methods was developed to integrate psychiatric care into PHCs.

Methods: The authors designed and implemented a personalized mentorship program using three CDT methods tailored for in-service MBBS doctors.

Translational Quotient as an Innovative Outcome Parameter to Assess the Effectiveness of Training Methods: A Feasibility Study in Assessing the Baseline Psychiatric Skills of Primary Care Doctors in their Real-world Live Outpatient Clinic.

Background: The effectiveness of training methods in medical education is critical, particularly for primary care physicians (PCPs) who frequently encounter psychiatric issues in their practice. Traditional assessment methods often fail to evaluate skill acquisition in real-world clinical practice. The Translational Quotient (TQ) is proposed as an innovative outcome measure to assess PCPs' ability to apply psychiatric skills in their live outpatient consultation among their general patients.

Surgical Outcomes Following Combined Barbed Palato-Pharyngeal Surgery and Coblator-Assisted Midline Glossectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Surgical treatment of OSA has emerged as an effective alternative in continuos positive airway pressure (CPAP)-non-compliant group of patients. The present study examines the outcomes following a combination of barbed palatopharyngoplasty (BPP) and endoscopic coblator-assisted midline partial glossectomy in patients with multilevel obstruction of palate, oropharyngeal walls, and tongue base. A retrospective study of 40 patients with predominant obstruction at the velum, oropharyngeal lateral walls, and base of tongue levels, who underwent Barbed Palato Pharyngoplasty and Endoscopic coblator-assisted tongue base resection.

Small-molecule inhibitors of WNT signalling in cancer therapy and their links to autophagy and apoptosis.

Cancer represents an intricate and heterogeneous ailment that evolves from a multitude of epigenetic and genetic variations that disrupt normal cellular function. The WNT/β-catenin pathway is essential in maintaining the balance between cell renewal and differentiation in various tissues. Abnormal activation of this pathway can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and initiate cancer across a variety of tissues such as the colon, skin, liver, and ovary.

Identification of stable restorers and high-yielding hybrids using diverse sorghum male sterile cytoplasmic sources and established pollen parents under different water regimes.

Sorghum hybrids demonstrated increased productivity and helped offset the decreasing cultivated areas, particularly in Asia. The diversity in cytoplasmic male sterility systems, stability of restorers and high yield of sorghum is an important factor for achieving food security and sustainability. In sorghum, hybrid production has been limited to A1 cytoplasmic source to date, primarily due to limited number of restorers on other cytoplasmic sources.

Case-control Study: Comparative Evaluation of Bio active Glass (Novabone Putty) and Demineralized Freeze-dried Bone Allograft in the Treatment of Mandibular Furcation Defects.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare a second-generation bioactive glass putty biomaterial (Novabone putty) against demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in mandibular grade II furcation defects.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen systematically healthy individuals in the age range of 38-50 years were selected for this split-mouth study. Group I consisting of 15 sites, was treated with DFDBA and group II consisting of 15 sites was treated with Novabone putty (NB putty).

Tuning the Electronic Bandgap of Penta-Graphene from Insulator to Metal Through Functionalization: A First-Principles Calculation.

We performed first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to numerically investigate the electronic band structures of penta-graphene (PG), a novel two-dimensional carbon material with a pentagonal lattice structure, and its chemically functionalized forms. Specifically, we studied hydrogenated PG (h-PG), fluorinated PG (f-PG), and chlorinated PG (Cl-PG). We used the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the hybrid Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE06) exchange-correlation functional in the DFT-based software VASP to capture electronic properties accurately.

Electrospun Stannic Oxide Nanofiber Thin-Film Based Sensing Device for Monitoring Functional Behaviours of Adherent Mammalian Cells.

This study presents a biosensor utilizing electrospun SnO nanofiber films for real-time monitoring of C2C12 cells. The biosensor demonstrates sensitivity towards cellular behaviours, including adhesion, proliferation, and detachment. Alterations in semi-circle and dielectric properties are validated through Nyquist plot and an EEC model, highlighting the biosensor's potential for analyzing cellular dynamics.

Routine immunization against and type B and antibiotic consumption in India: a dynamic modeling analysis.

Background: Childhood vaccinations can reduce disease burden and associated antibiotic use, in turn reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We retrospectively estimated the population-level reductions in antibiotic use in India following the introduction of vaccines against and type B in the national immunization program for children in the mid-2010s and projected future gains to 2028 if vaccination coverage were to be increased.

Methods: Using IndiaSim, a dynamic agent-based microsimulation model (ABM) for India, we simulated the spread of and type B (Hib) among children to estimate reductions in antibiotic use under the scenarios of: (i) pneumococcal and Hib vaccine coverage levels equivalent to the national coverage of pentavalent diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus third dose (DPT3) compared to a baseline of no vaccination, and (ii) near-universal (90%) coverage of the vaccines compared to pre-COVID national DPT3-level coverage.

An evidence-based approach to the recovery of bladder and bowel function after pediatric spinal cord injury.

Introduction: Bladder dysfunction and associated complications of the urinary system negatively impact the quality of life in children living with spinal cord injury (SCI). Pediatric lower urinary tract deficits include bladder over-activity, inefficient emptying, decreased compliance, and incontinence. Recent evidence in adults with SCI indicates significant improvements in bladder capacity and detrusor pressure following participation in an activity-based recovery locomotor training (ABR-LT) rehabilitative program.

Polystyrene nanoplastics: optimized removal using magnetic nano-adsorbent and toxicity assessment in zebrafish embryos.

Purpose: The presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in aquatic ecosystems has raised serious environmental and health concerns. Polystyrene is one of the most abundant plastic polymers found in the environment. Polystyrene MPs/NPs have harmful implications for human health and their removal from the environment has become a serious challenge.

Comparison of Air Conduction and Bone Conduction Masseter Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Between Neurotypical Young Adults and Individuals With Conductive Hearing Loss.

Introduction Masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potential (mVEMP) is an acoustically evoked potential recorded from the masseter muscle. It is a recent tool in the vestibular assessment battery that checks the integrity of the vestibulomasseteric reflex pathway, specifically for saccular function. Need of the study There is a small pool of subjects with cervical spondylitis and anomalies in the eye muscle where cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) tests cannot be performed.