The advance of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy had dramatically changed the treatment algorithm of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This had significantly improved the quality of life for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).(1) However, side-effects of anti-TNF treatment were unavoidable with paradoxical inflammation (for example leucocytoclastic vasculitis and psoriasis) being well-known phenomena of anti-TNF therapy.
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