Urinalysis and perceived effects following 2-week use of a commercial broad-spectrum cannabidiol product.

A growing number of hemp-derived cannabidiol (CBD) products are available with negligible amounts (< 100 ppm) of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) due in part to consumer concerns regarding the risk of positive drug screens. There are, however, no published studies that report whether repeated use of these products may lead to positive urine drug tests for THC. There is also scant research on the effects of these products on physical and mental well-being.

The Role of Semaphorins in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. Inflammation of the synovial fluid propagates the pathological process of angiogenesis. Semaphorins play a crucial role in the context of endothelial cell function, and their pleiotropic nature has various effects on the further development of RA.

Oral Cannabidiol Treatment in Two Postmenopausal Women with Osteopenia: A Case Series.

Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonintoxicating cannabinoid, may be involved in bone remodeling, but human studies are limited. In this case series, we explored the effects of oral CBD administration on bone turnover. Two postmenopausal women with osteopenia (T-score=-1 to -2.

Toxicological Evaluation and Pain Assessment of Four Minor Cannabinoids Following 14-Day Oral Administration in Rats.

Despite growing consumer interest and market availability, the safety of minor cannabinoids, generally present in low concentrations in L., is not well understood. Cannabichromene (CBC; 3.

Pharmacokinetics of Oral Minor Cannabinoids in Blood and Brain.

Minor cannabinoids are increasingly being consumed in oral formulations (i.e., edibles, tinctures) for medical and nonmedical purposes.

Sex Differences in the Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol and Metabolites Following Oral Administration of a Cannabidiol-Dominant Cannabis Oil in Healthy Adults.

Oral cannabidiol (CBD) product use is increasingly growing among women; however, there is a lack of data on sex differences in the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of CBD and its primary metabolites, 7-hydroxy-CBD (7-OH-CBD) and 7-carboxy-CBD (7-COOH-CBD), after repeated doses. The present study is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multiple-dose trial of a commercially available, CBD-dominant oral cannabis product. Healthy participants (=17 males and 15 females) were randomized to receive 120 to 480 mg of CBD daily for 7 days.

Characterization of aerosols from hemp-derived pre-roll joints.

Objective: Availability and consumer use of hemp products is rapidly increasing, but little work has been done to assess aerosol emissions of hemp pre-rolls. The objective of this research was to characterize the aerosol of pre-rolled joints from hemp material enriched for production of cannabigerol (CBG) that were smoked on a test system mimicking human use patterns.

Materials And Methods: Aerosol emissions were collected and analyzed using glass microfiber filters and charcoal cartridges.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy is Associated With Diabetic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: The Silesia Diabetes-Heart Project.

Microvascular complications of diabetes seem to be clustered and put patients at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This was a questionnaire-based study designed to screen for the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), defined as the score in the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) above 2, and to evaluate its association with other complication of diabetes, including CVD. There were 184 patients included into the study.

Serum Markers of Bone Turnover Following Controlled Administration of Two Medical Cannabis Products in Healthy Adults.

Cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to maintain bone integrity in pre-clinical models, but little is known about the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on bone turnover. In this study we explored the effects of two oral medical cannabis products on normal bone homeostasis through evaluation of markers of bone resorption (carboxyl-terminal collagen crosslinks, CTx) and bone formation (procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, P1NP; alkaline phosphatase, ALP). This study is an analysis of secondary data from two Phase 1 double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of Spectrum Yellow (0.

Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in Sprague-Dawley Rats After Oral and Pulmonary Administration.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is primarily consumed through ingestion and inhalation. Little is known about how CBD pharmacokinetics differ between routes of administration, and duration of pulmonary exposure. Pharmacokinetics, brain distribution, and urinary elimination of CBD and its major metabolites (6-hydroxy-cannabidiol [6-OH-CBD], 7-hydroxy-cannabidiol [7-OH-CBD], 7-carboxy-cannabidiol [7-COOH-CBD], and CBD-glucuronide) were evaluated in adult Sprague-Dawley rats following a single oral CBD ingestion (10 mg/kg in medium chain triglyceride oil; 24 male animals), and 1 or 14 days of repeated inhalation (0.

Lowered Serum Testosterone Concentration Is Associated With Enhanced Inflammation and Worsened Lipid Profile in Men.

The negative relationship between testosterone and inflammatory cytokines has been reported for decades, although the exact mechanisms of their interactions are still not clear. At the same time, little is known about the relation between androgens and acute phase proteins. Therefore, in this investigation, we aimed to study the relationship between androgen status and inflammatory acute phase reactants in a group of men using multi-linear regression analysis.

Randomized, placebo-controlled, 28-day safety and pharmacokinetics evaluation of repeated oral cannabidiol administration in healthy dogs.

Objective: To determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of various doses of plant-derived cannabidiol (CBD) versus placebo following repeated oral administration.

Animals: 20 healthy adult Beagles.

Procedures: In a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial, dogs were randomized to 5 groups balanced in body weight and sex (n = 4 dogs/group) and received a CBD (1, 2, 4, or 12 mg/kg; from cannabis extract) or placebo oil formulation PO once daily for 28 days.

Safety and tolerability of escalating cannabinoid doses in healthy cats.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of orally delivered cannabis oils predominant in cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or both CBD and THC in healthy cats.

Methods: In this placebo-controlled, blinded study, 20 healthy adult cats were randomized to one of five treatment groups (n = 4 per group): two placebo groups (sunflower oil [SF] or medium-chain triglyceride oil [MCT]), or three plant-derived cannabinoid oil groups (CBD in MCT, THC in MCT or CBD/THC [1.5:1] in SF).

Femur Fracture in a Premature Infant: An Unusual Association of Sickle Cell Disease with Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

BACKGROUND Bone health is influenced by multiple factors, including genetic disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and sickle cell disease (SCD). OI is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in genes that encode type 1 collagen. Type 1 collagen synthesizes bones, skin, and other connective tissues.

The association between vitamin D deficiency and hospitalization outcomes in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease.

Background: While there is a known association between low vitamin D levels and increased chronic pain in patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), there are no reported studies evaluating the relationship of vitamin D levels and hospitalization outcomes in this population. The aim of this study was to assess this relationship with hospitalization outcomes defined as the number of emergency room (ER) visits, hospital admissions for pain crisis, and length of hospital stay.

Design: A retrospective chart review of all pediatric patients with SCD (1-21 years old) was performed from January 2015 to January 2016 in an urban-based hospital setting (n = 134).

Preliminary Investigation of the Safety of Escalating Cannabinoid Doses in Healthy Dogs.

To determine the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of three cannabis oil formulations, containing predominantly CBD, THC, or CBD and THC (1.5:1) vs. placebo in dogs.

Breast cancer surgery decreases serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations in middle aged women: relationship to the serum C-reactive protein concentration.

The aim of this study was to establish the effect of breast cancer surgery in middle aged women on the serum and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations [BDNF] and [BDNF], respectively, in relation to the serum C-reactive protein [CRP] concentration measured before and at 24 hours after surgery. Eighteen patients with recently diagnosed breast cancer (mean ± SE): age 49.1 ± 1.

Pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) as a biomarker in small-cell lung cancer diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation of treatment response.

Lung cancer belongs to malignant tumors that possess the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in the world. A number of morphological, biological and clinical features justify the distinction of small-cell carcinoma with respect to the other histological types of lung cancer. The predominant neuroendocrine phenotype is critical for the selection of biomarkers used in diagnostics, monitoring and evaluation of treatment response; early onset relapses in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and the evaluation of their prognosis.

Inhibition of Sebum Production with the Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase Inhibitor Olumacostat Glasaretil.

Olumacostat glasaretil (OG) is a small molecule inhibitor of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (ACC), the enzyme that controls the first rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis. Inhibition of ACC activity in the sebaceous glands is designed to substantially affect sebum production, because over 80% of human sebum components contain fatty acids. OG inhibits de novo lipid synthesis in primary and transformed human sebocytes.

Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) in Patients with Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic utility of HE4 with NSE, ProGRP, CYFRA 21-1, CEA, and CA 125 and evaluate their prognostic value in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Methods: HE4, ProGRP, NSE, CYFRA 21-1, CEA, and CA 125 assays were performed in 63 patients with smallcell lung cancer (limited disease (LD) - 41, extensive disease (ED) - 22) and in 66 individuals of the reference group.

Results: Area under the ROC curves for HE4, ProGRP, NSE, CA 125, CYFRA 21-1, and CEA were 0.

Neurological Complications following Blood Transfusions in Sickle Cell Anemia.

In Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) patient blood transfusions are an important part of treatment for stroke and its prevention. However, blood transfusions can also lead to complications such as Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS). This brief report highlights two cases of SCA who developed such neurological complications after a blood transfusion.