Assessment of burden of prediabetes and diabetes with oral glucose tolerance test in community-based settings of Bengaluru rural district.

Background And Objectives: Diabetes is a major public health concern in India. The majority of studies done in rural population lack systematic methodology in estimating the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Objectives of this study were to estimate the burden of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors among adults (18-69) years in rural Bengaluru, Karnataka.

Ten-year risk assessment for cardiovascular disease & associated factors among adult Indians (aged 40-69 yr): Insights from the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS).

Background & objectives Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are extremely prevalent in India, making early detection of people at high risk for CVDs and prevention crucial. This study aimed to estimate CVD risk distribution in older adults (40-69 yr) in India using WHO's non-laboratory risk chart and identify factors associated with elevated CVD risk (10%). Methods The current study used a nationally representative sample of 40-69 yr adults in India.

Association of Tobacco Use and Cancer Incidence in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To estimate the strength of the association between tobacco use and cancer incidence among the Indian population.

Materials And Methods: Data from PubMed, Embase, and Virtual Health Library were searched from inception of databases till April 30, 2022. There were no restrictions except for English language and human study.

District-level epidemiology and sociodemographic determinants of noncommunicable diseases - results the National Family Health Survey -5 (2019-21).

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of adult mortality in India. However, the data regarding the prevalence of NCD risk factors at district level is scarce. This study aims to analyse and map NCD risk factors at the state and district levels, exploring sociodemographic influences on these risks in Indian males and females.

Burden of cervical cancer in India: estimates of years of life lost, years lived with disability and disability adjusted life years at national and subnational levels using the National Cancer Registry Programme data.

Background: Cervical cancer is ranked as the second most common cancer in India. This study aims to assess the cervical cancer burden at the national and subnational level in India, projecting it for the year 2025 in terms of years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

Methods: Twenty-eight population based cancer registries within the National Cancer Registry Programme network contributed cancer incidence and mortality data for this analysis.

Exploring stroke discourse on Twitter through content and network analysis among Indian users.

The study aimed to understand stroke-related Twitter conversations in India, focusing on topics, message sources, reach, and influential users to provide insights to stakeholders regarding community needs for knowledge, support, and interventions. Geo-tagged Twitter posts focusing on stroke originating from India and, spanning from November 7, 2022, to February 28, 2023, were systematically obtained via the Twitter application programming interface, using keywords and hashtags sourced through Symplur Signals. Preprocessing involved the removal of hashtags, stop words, and URLs.

District-Wise Heterogeneity in Blood Pressure Measurements, Prehypertension, Raised Blood Pressure, and Their Determinants Among Indians: National Family Health Survey-5.

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of ever-measured blood pressure, prehypertension, and raised blood pressure at national, state and district levels in India. We analysed data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), on 743,067 adults aged 18-54 years. The sample consisted of 87.

Burden of female breast cancer in India: estimates of YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs at national and subnational levels based on the national cancer registry programme.

Purpose: Female breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in India, and accounted for 13.5% of new cancer cases and 10% of cancer-related deaths in 2020. This study aims to estimate and report the female BC burden in India at state level from 2012 to 2016 in terms of years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and to project the burden for the year 2025.

Topic modeling and social network analysis approach to explore diabetes discourse on Twitter in India.

Introduction: The utilization of social media presents a promising avenue for the prevention and management of diabetes. To effectively cater to the diabetes-related knowledge, support, and intervention needs of the community, it is imperative to attain a deeper understanding of the extent and content of discussions pertaining to this health issue. This study aims to assess and compare various topic modeling techniques to determine the most effective model for identifying the core themes in diabetes-related tweets, the sources responsible for disseminating this information, the reach of these themes, and the influential individuals within the Twitter community in India.

Stroke incidence, mortality, subtypes in rural and urban populations in five geographic areas of India (2018-2019): results from the National Stroke Registry Programme.

Background: Increasing stroke burden in India demands a long-term stroke surveillance framework. Earlier studies in India were urban-based, short term and provided limited data on stroke incidence and its outcomes. This gap is addressed by the establishment of five population-based stroke registries (PBSRs) of the National Stroke Registry Programme, India.

Awareness, behavior, and determinants of dietary salt intake in adults: results from the National NCD Monitoring Survey, India.

A diet high in sodium contributes to a significant proportion of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) due to cardiovascular diseases. This paper describes the awareness, behaviour and determinants related to dietary salt intake in an adult population of 18-69 years that were assessed as part of the National NCD Monitoring Survey (NNMS) in India. A sub-sample of 3000 adults selected through simple random sampling from 150 nationally representative Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) was included.

Association of OCT and OCT angiography measures with the development and worsening of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To assess if optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) measures are associated with the development and worsening of diabetic retinopathy (DR) over four years.

Methods: 280 participants with type 2 diabetes underwent ultra-wide field fundus photography, OCT and OCTA. OCT-derived macular thickness measures, retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness and OCTA-derived foveal avascular zone area, perimeter, circularity, vessel density (VD) and macular perfusion (MP) were examined in relation to the development and worsening of DR over four years.

Morphological and functional retinal changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal bevacizumab.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the morphological and functional retinal changes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with intravitreal bevacizumab 1.25 mg.

Methods: This was a prospective, nonrandomized, interventional study.

Early retinal functional alteration in relation to diabetes duration in patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy.

To examine the retinal structure and function in relation to diabetes duration and glycemia in patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR). 85 adults with type 2 diabetes without DR or macular edema underwent dilated indirect ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), ultra-wide field fundus photography, multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and HbA assessment. Patients were stratified as those with diabetes duration < 10 years and ≥ 10 years.

Regional estimates of noncommunicable diseases associated risk factors among adults in India: results from National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey.

Background: This study describes regional differences and determinants on key noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors in adults from the National NCD Monitoring Survey (NNMS) across six geographic regions of India.

Methods: The NNMS was a cross-sectional multistage cluster survey conducted in 2017-18, on a representative sample of 300 urban and 300 rural primary sampling units (PSU) covering 20 households per PSU. One adult aged 18-69 years per household was selected using the KISH grid.

Inter-observer agreement in grading severity of diabetic retinopathy in wide-field fundus photographs.

Objective: To examine the inter-observer agreement between two retina specialists in grading diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity in ultra-wide-field fundus photographs.

Methods: Two hundred and seventy patients with diabetes, who visited the vitreoretinal specialty at a tertiary eye care hospital, with or without DR underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, dilated retinal exam and Optos ultra-wide-field (UWF) retinal photography. Optos images were graded for DR severity based on the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale by two retina specialists with same number of years of experience, masked to the clinical details of the participants.

Burden of cancers in India - estimates of cancer crude incidence, YLLs, YLDs and DALYs for 2021 and 2025 based on National Cancer Registry Program.

Background: Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The cancer burden varies within the regions of India posing great challenges in its prevention and control. The national burden assessment remains as a task which relies on statistical models in many developing countries, including India, due to cancer not being a notifiable disease.

Hypertension treatment cascade in India: results from National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease and stroke. We estimated prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension along with its determinants in India. We used data from the National NCD Monitoring Survey-(NNMS-2017-2018) which studied one adult (18-69 years) from a representative sample of households across India and collected information on socio-demographic variables, risk factors for NCDs and treatment practices.

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Diabetes in India From the Countrywide National NCD Monitoring Survey.

Background: To determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated factors amongst adults (18-69 years) in India from the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS).

Methods: NNMS was a comprehensive, cross-sectional survey conducted in 2017-18 on a national sample of 12,000 households in 600 primary sampling units. In every household, one eligible adult aged 18-69 years were selected.

Assessment of effectiveness of Japanese encephalitis vaccination in West Bengal, India using sample positivity rate as an alternate measure.

Background & Objectives: Japanese encephalitis (JE), is a vaccine preventable mosquito borne arboviral disease. The State Health Department of West Bengal, India started a vaccination programme using live attenuated, single dose JE vaccine (SA-14-14-2) in children aged 1-below15 years since 2006 in five districts. The objectives were to compare Sample Positivity Rates (SPR) of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) cases for JE between vaccinated & unvaccinated districts and observe trend of SPR & Cumulative Incidence in vaccinated districts for three years.

Prevalence and Correlates of Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adults Aged 18-69 Years in India: Findings From the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey.

Background: Sufficient physical activity (PA) significantly contributes to the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. This study aims to determine the prevalence of insufficient PA and associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among adults aged 18-69 years in India.

Methods: A national population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2017-2018 among 12,000 adults that adapted globally standard data collection tools.

Assessment of optical coherence tomography angiography and multifocal electroretinography in eyes with and without nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To examine (i) the retinal structure and function using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), respectively, in eyes with and without nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), (ii) and their interrelationship between retinal structure (OCTA) and function (mfERG) in the two groups independently.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study. One hundred twenty-one eligible participants with type 2 diabetes with No DR (n = 89), or with mild or moderate NPDR (n = 32) underwent ophthalmic examination, ultrawide field-view fundus photography, OCTA, and mfERG.

Zone-wise examination of optical coherence tomography features and their correspondence to multifocal electroretinography in eyes with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To examine (1) the retinal structure by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and function by means of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in eyes with and without nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (2) for correspondence between local retinal function and OCT zones with retinal lesions.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-two eligible participants (30 with nonproliferative DR (NPDR) and 102 with diabetes with no DR) underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography for retinal thickness measures, mfERG, and ultra-wide field fundus photography. OCT Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid was overlaid on to mfERG plots.

Retinal structure-function correlation in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To examine the relationship of visual function as assessed by visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) to macular structural and microvascular measures on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCTA) in individuals with diabetes.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary eye care centre in India. Right eyes of 121 adults with type 2 diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy (DR), mild or moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR) were examined.