Histoquantitative study of inflamed tongue mucosa.

A quantitative, semiautomatic analysis of histologic features of the specific inflammatory changes occurring on the dorsum of human tongue was made for 37 tongues. Well-documented histologic differences between clinically normal appearing tongue (control), atrophic, geographic and fissured tongue were shown quantitatively. The epithelium of atrophic tongue was thinner compared to the controls.

Malformations of the maxillofacial region induced by retinoids in an experimental system.

Treatment of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats with etretinate or retinoic acid on pregnancy Day 8.5-9.0 resulted in craniofacial malformations in 100% of the embryos.

Jaw fractures in children.

From a total of 350 jaw fractures treated in 1980-1984 at Kuopio University Central Hospital, 20% were in children. These injuries were evaluated retrospectively regarding age, sex, incidence and etiology. Forty-five of the patients were boys and 25 girls.

Retinoid-induced nasal malformations.

Treatment of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats with etretinate or retinoic acid on pregnancy days 8.5-9.0 resulted in craniofacial defects in all embryos.

Experimental craniofacial malformations induced by retinoids and resembling branchial arch syndromes.

A syndrome which showed similarities to human branchial arch syndromes could be induced in Sprague-Dawley rat embryos by exposing them to retinoids prenatally. Treatment of pregnant rats with 40 mg/kg retinoic acid or 10 mg/kg etretinate on pregnancy day 8.5-9 resulted in craniofacial defects in 100% of the embryos.

Some local and systemic factors related to tongue inflammation.

As part of a larger study aimed at surveying the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of filiform atrophy and geographic and fissured tongue, this work presents the clinical findings of three patient groups and controls. 200 individuals were examined; 18 (9%) had atrophic tongue, 15 (7.5%) geographic tongue and 53 (26.

Familial study of fissured tongue.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of histologically defined fissured tongue were examined in a familial study. Fifteen probands with fissured tongue and four probands with geographic tongue were selected from earlier studies. In addition, 12 probands with tongue fissuring, but without changes of papillary structure, were included.

Haematological and immunological features of patients with fissured tongue syndrome.

Blood samples from 40 patients with fissured tongue syndrome (FTS) were examined, and the results were compared with those of 20 healthy control subjects. FTS was diagnosed when a) the patient had a fissured tongue with smooth-surfaced papillae (n = 25) or b) the patient had geographic tongue and some relatives had fissured tongue (n = 15). These tongue forms were verified also histologically.

Scanning electron microscopy in oral mucosal research: a review.

This review paper highlights some aspects of the contribution of SEM in the field of oral mucosa research. These include 1) different preparative techniques, 2) structure of the oral mucosa and its role in normal function, 3) advances in oral microbiology, 4) development of the oral mucosal epithelium, 5) pathological diagnosis and 6) morphometry. There are four main ways to study the oral mucosa with SEM; biopsy (autopsy) samples, smears, replica technique, and cell culture techniques.

Filiform papillae of human, rat and swine tongue.

In order to study the structure of filiform papillae (FP), tissue specimens were taken from the anterior part of the tongues of 8 humans, 8 rats and 8 swine. The formalin-fixed samples were processed routinely for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy. With SEM, FP of human tongue contained 5-12 hairs which were covered with a massive plaque of micro-organisms.

Lingua fissurata. A clinical, stereomicroscopic and histopathological study.

The purpose of this study was to describe clinical, stereomicroscopic and light microscopic findings for fissured tongue in 17 patients and compare them with 17 normal controls. Clinical symptoms were found in 13 of 17 patients who complained of scoreness of the tongue. Usually the symptoms lasted more than 3 years.

Sialochemistry in mucosal lesions of the tongue: electrolytes and total protein.

A total of 39 patients with tongue diseases and 17 controls were subjected to chemical analysis of saliva to determine whether tongue lesions are correlated with the composition of the saliva. The salivary flow rate, total protein, phosphate and electrolyte content (Na, K, Ca) were measured in unstimulated and stimulated saliva. The results indicate that disturbed salivary secretion could be revealed in patients with filiform atrophy and those with hairy tongue.

Geographic tongue: an SEM study.

In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to describe in detail the surface structure of geographic tongue. Tissue samples from the anterior part of the tongue were removed from 15 patients with geographic tongue and from 15 control subjects. Normally, the surface mucosa of the tongue was covered by filiform papillae, which consisted of the body and hairs.

Scanning electron microscopic study of surface of human oral mucosa.

The surface ultrastructure of the healthy oral mucosa of humans was studied using SEM as follows: dorsum of the tongue (10 specimens), buccal mucosa (5), floor of the mouth (3), hard palate (5), and gingiva (10). One part of each formalin-fixed sample was processed routinely using the system of critical point drying for scanning electron microscopy. The other part of the specimen was embedded in paraffin blocks and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for light microscopy.

A scanning electron microscopic study of fissured tongue.

In this study, scanning electron microscopy was used to describe the surface morphology of fissured tongue. Tissue samples from the anterior part of the tongue were taken from 15 patients with fissured tongue. The formalin-fixed samples were processed routinely for scanning electron microscopy.

Changes in composition of whole saliva in patients with fissured tongue.

Both resting and paraffin-stimulated whole saliva were studied in 25 patients with fissured tongue and in their age and sex-matched healthy controls. The groups did not differ in dental or periodontal health. No significant differences were found between the groups in the salivary secretion rate, pH and buffer capacity, or in the frequency of lactobacilli and yeasts in saliva samples and scrapings from tongue surface.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the dorsal surface of the human tongue.

To study the dorsal surface of the human tongue using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tissue specimens were taken from the anterior part of the tongues of 15 individuals aged from 21- to 28-years-old. The formalin-fixed samples were processed routinely for SEM. With SEM the surface of the normal tongue mucosa was shown to be rather evenly covered by filiform papillae, with some fungiform papillae scattered among them.