Mefenamic acid taste-masked oral disintegrating tablets with enhanced solubility via molecular interaction produced by hot melt extrusion technology.

The objective of this study was to enhance the solubility as well as to mask the intensely bitter taste of the poorly soluble drug, Mefenamic acid (MA). The taste masking and solubility of the drug was improved by using Eudragit E PO in different ratios via hot melt extrusion (HME), solid dispersion technology. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies demonstrated that MA and E PO were completely miscible up to 40% drug loads.

Trajectories of Childbearing among HIV Infected Indian Women: A Sequence Analysis Approach.

Background: HIV infection closely relates to and deeply affects the reproductive career of those infected. However, little is known about the reproductive career trajectories, specifically the interaction of the timing of HIV diagnosis with the timing and sequencing of reproductive events among HIV infected women. This is the first study to describe and typify this interaction.

Development of taste masked caffeine citrate formulations utilizing hot melt extrusion technology and in vitro-in vivo evaluations.

The objective of this study was to develop caffeine citrate orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) formulations utilizing hot-melt extrusion technology and evaluate the ability of the formulation composition to mask the unpleasant bitter taste of the drug using in vitro and in vivo methods. Ethylcellulose, along with a suitable plasticizer, was used as a polymeric carrier. Pore forming agents were incorporated into the extruded matrix to enhance drug release.

A human immune data-informed vaccine concept elicits strong and broad T-cell specificities associated with HIV-1 control in mice and macaques.

Background: None of the HIV T-cell vaccine candidates that have reached advanced clinical testing have been able to induce protective T cell immunity. A major reason for these failures may have been suboptimal T cell immunogen designs.

Methods: To overcome this problem, we used a novel immunogen design approach that is based on functional T cell response data from more than 1,000 HIV-1 clade B and C infected individuals and which aims to direct the T cell response to the most vulnerable sites of HIV-1.

From hopeless to good prognosis: journey of a failing tooth.

Chronic periodontitis, along with associated clinical findings such as pathologic tooth migration, diastema, functional and aesthetic aberrations, poses an immense challenge to a dental professional. These findings convert clinical decision making into a daunting task and adversely affect the prognosis and the treatment plan for the presenting clinical problem. An interdisciplinary approach aimed at restoring functional and aesthetic needs of the affected individual within the limitations of such a compromised clinical scenario may be a viable alternative to any radical treatment causing loss of natural tooth structure such as extraction.

Collision tumor of maxilla: a diagnostic dilemma.

Most malignant tumors arise from the primary tissue except when showing extreme dedifferentiation. This can be identified by examination of tumor cells and their products. Occasionally two distinct tissues are recognized within a malignant tumor.

Effect of three different pastes on remineralization of initial enamel lesion: an in vitro study.

Objective: Dental caries in enamel is unique as enamel is both acellular and avascular. Fluoride is one of the most effective remineralizing agents in caries prevention. The purpose of the study was to assess whether nano-hydroxyapatite and CPP-ACP can be used as an alternative to fluoride for remineralization of early carious lesions.

Tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among urban low socioeconomic women in Mumbai, India.

Context: Tobacco use is an important health issue globally. It is responsible for a large number of diseases and deaths in India. Female tobacco users have additional health risks.

Recombinant rubella vectors elicit SIV Gag-specific T cell responses with cytotoxic potential in rhesus macaques.

Live-attenuated rubella vaccine strain RA27/3 has been demonstrated to be safe and immunogenic in millions of children. The vaccine strain was used to insert SIV gag sequences and the resulting rubella vectors were tested in rhesus macaques alone and together with SIV gag DNA in different vaccine prime-boost combinations. We previously reported that such rubella vectors induce robust and durable SIV-specific humoral immune responses in macaques.

Discovery of target based novel pyrrolyl phenoxy derivatives as antimycobacterial agents: an in silico approach.

A new series of pyrrolyl phenoxy derivatives bearing alkoxy linker were synthesized and evaluated for anti-tubercular activity (anti-TB) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecular modeling, pharmacophore constructed using GALAHAD to produce an effective alignment of data set and evaluated by Pareto ranking. The pharmacophore features were filtered by Surflex-dock study using enoyl ACP reductase from M.

Self-care activities among patients with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in mangalore karnataka, India.

Background: Increasing prevalence of diabetes in India is resulting in an epidemiological transition. The care of the people with diabetes is traditionally seen as doctor centered, but the concept of self-care of people with diabetes is a new domain and is proven beneficial.

Aim: The aim was to determine the practice of self-care activities among people with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore.

Vitamin D deficiency and risk of postpartum tuberculosis among HIV-infected breastfeeding mothers in India.

Some studies have associated low vitamin D levels with the risk of tuberculosis (TB), but its association in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected mothers in a TB-endemic region has not been well studied. We conducted a nested 1:2 case-control study among HIV-infected mothers in western India to evaluate the association between maternal vitamin D levels and the risk of postpartum TB. Vitamin D insufficiency, moderate deficiency and severe deficiency were observed in a high proportion of HIV-infected mothers, but were not associated with the risk of postpartum TB.

Stigmatization and Discrimination toward People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Coastal City of South India.

Background: The HIV/AIDS scenario all over the world is complicated by the stigmatic and discriminative attitudes toward the HIV-infected individuals.

Methodology: In this facility-based, cross-sectional study, 104 HIV-positive patients were assessed regarding their personal experience with HIV-related stigma and discrimination using a Revised HIV Stigma Scale. The association between stigma and factors such as socioeconomic status and gender was tested using chi-square test, and P < .

Trajectories of risk after hospitalization for heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, or pneumonia: retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To characterize the absolute risks for older patients of readmission to hospital and death in the year after hospitalization for heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, or pneumonia.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: 4767 hospitals caring for Medicare fee for service beneficiaries in the United States, 2008-10.

Medical students' research - facilitators and barriers.

Background: Undergraduate research in medicine is important to expose and encourage the students towards the newer advances and research practices. The present study was taken up in a medical institute to assess the perception of the medical faculty about research undertaken by the medical undergraduates, and identifying the barriers faced by them in training undergraduate students for research.

Materials And Methods: A questionnaire on perceptions, barriers and limitations towards undergraduate research was distributed to 105 participants included in the study.

Improved functional outcome with no decrease in hip strength 2 years following Ganz periacetabular osteotomies for adolescent hip dysplasia.

To analyze outcomes of adolescents treated with a periacetabular osteotomies (PAO) with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Patients undergoing a PAO for adolescent hip dysplasia were analyzed preoperatively, 1 and 2 years postoperatively. In 32 dysplastic hips significant improvement was seen in all radiographic parameters.

Male biased gene flow in banana pseudostem weevil (Odoiporus longicollis Oliver) as revealed by analysis of the COI-tRNA(Leu) COII region.

The genetic diversity amongst thirty weevils representing six Indian populations of banana pseudostem weevil, i.e., Odoiporus longicollis (Oliver) was estimated by sequence analysis of the partial COI-tRNA(Leu)-COII region.

Perception of HIV Testing and Counseling among Integrated Counseling and Testing Center Clients of Tertiary Level Hospitals.

Background: The purpose of establishing integrated counseling and testing center (ICTC) is to detect HIV at the earliest time, providing information on modes of transmission and prevention of HIV by promoting behavioral change and reducing vulnerability, and informing individuals on HIV prevention, care, and treatment services.

Objective: To know the awareness of the clients about ICTC before pretest counseling.

Methods: This facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 pretest counseling clients who visited ICTC for the first time in 3 ICTCs of tertiary care hospitals attached to a medical college in Mangalore.

Growth Patterns of HIV Infected Indian Children in Response to ART: A Clinic Based Cohort Study.

Objective: To describe catch-up growth after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among children living with human immunodeficiency virus (CLHIV), attending a private clinic in India.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data of CLHIV attending Prayas clinic, Pune, India. Height and weight z scores (HAZ, WAZ) were calculated using WHO growth charts.

Pediatric dental chair vs. traditional dental chair: a pediatric dentist's poll.

Objective: Proper positioning of the child patient, can not only have positive ramifications for the operator's posture, comfort, and career longevity - it can also lead to better treatment and increased productivity. The aim of the survey questionnaire was to assess the utilization, need, and attitude concerning dental chairs among pediatric dentist while working on and managing the child patient.

Study Design: The questions were structured using adobe forms central online software, regarding the user-friendliness of pediatric dental chair vs.

Pattern of linkage and retention in HIV care continuum among patients attending referral HIV care clinic in private sector in India.

Continued engagement throughout the HIV care continuum, from HIV diagnosis through retention on antiretroviral therapy (ART), is crucial for enhancing impact of HIV care programs. We assessed linkage and retention in HIV care among people living with HIV (PLHIV) enrolled at a private HIV care clinic in Pune, India. Of 1220 patients, 28% delayed linkage after HIV diagnosis with a median delay of 24 months (IQR = 8-43).

Barriers associated with the utilization of continued care among HIV-infected women who had previously enrolled in a private sector PMTCT program in Maharashtra, India.

Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs are considered as an entry point to continued care because they provide an opportunity to link an HIV-infected woman, her partner, and child(ren) (if infected) to long-term treatment and care. However, little is known about the factors associated with the utilization of continued care among women who have previously accessed PMTCT services. Better knowledge of the barriers to continued care in HIV-infected women could lead to effective strategies to increase the uptake of post-PMTCT care.

A novel method to augment extraction of mangiferin by application of microwave on three phase partitioning.

This work reports a novel approach where three phase partitioning (TPP) was combined with microwave for extraction of mangiferin from leaves of . Soxhlet extraction was used as reference method, which yielded 57 mg/g in 5 h. Under optimal conditions such as microwave irradiation time 5 min, ammonium sulphate concentration 40% w/v, power 272 W, solute to solvent ratio 1:20, slurry to -butanol ratio 1:1, soaking time 5 min and duty cycle 50%, the mangiferin yield obtained was 54 mg/g by microwave assisted three phase partitioning extraction (MTPP).