Pursuit of "endpoint diagnoses" as a cognitive forcing strategy to avoid premature diagnostic closure.

Premature closure is often described as a significant contributor to diagnostic error. Therefore, developing strategies to mitigate premature closure could reduce diagnostic errors and improve patient care. Here we propose the novel concept of pursuit of an "endpoint diagnosis" as a cognitive forcing strategy (CFS) for avoiding premature diagnostic closure.

Intrinsically disordered BMP4 morphogen and the beak of the finch: Co-option of an ancient axial patterning system.

Darwin's finches, with the primary diversity in the shape and size of their beaks, represent an excellent model system to study speciation and adaptive evolution. It is generally held that evolution depends on the natural selection of heritable phenotypic variations originating from the genetic mutations. However, it is now increasingly evident that epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic variation can also guide evolutionary change.

Implementation of a Night-Float Curriculum: Impact on Intern Confidence over Time.

Objectives: Formal nighttime education is becoming increasingly necessary as more internal medicine (IM) residency programs adopt night-float rotations (NFRs); however, the efficacy of an NFR curriculum throughout an academic year and which topics in an NFR curriculum increase trainee confidence are unknown. We implemented a 12-module, self-paced NFR curriculum for 76 postgraduate year-1 residents at an academic IM residency program. We evaluated the impact of this curriculum on postgraduate year-1 residents' clinical confidence, as well as longitudinal efficacy of the curriculum.

Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review for Healthcare Professionals.

The ongoing 2022 multicountry outbreak of monkeypox is the largest in history to occur outside of Africa. Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease that for decades has been viewed as an infectious disease with significant epidemic potential because of the increasing occurrence of human outbreaks in recent years. As public health entities work to contain the current outbreak, healthcare professionals globally are aiming to become familiar with the various clinical presentations and management of this infection.

Phase 1 clinical trial for intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and placenta in patients with moderate COVID-19 virus pneumonia: results of stage 1 of the study.

Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells can serve as a therapeutic option for COVID-19. Their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties can regulate the exaggerated inflammatory response and promote recovery of lung damage.

Method: Phase-1, single-centre open-label, prospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord and placenta in moderate COVID-19.

Growth hormone receptor antagonism downregulates ATP-binding cassette transporters contributing to improved drug efficacy against melanoma and hepatocarcinoma .

Knockdown of GH receptor (GHR) in melanoma cells downregulates ATP-binding cassette-containing (ABC) transporters and sensitizes them to anti-cancer drug treatments. Here we aimed to determine whether a GHR antagonist (GHRA) could control cancer growth by sensitizing tumors to therapy through downregulation of ABC transporters . We intradermally inoculated Fluc-B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells into GHA mice, transgenic for a GHR antagonist (GHRA), and observed a marked reduction in tumor size, mass and tumoral GH signaling.

Clinical Outcome of Direct Pulp Therapy in Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Direct pulp treatment is carried out when a healthy pulp gets mechanically/accidentally exposed during the operative procedures or trauma.

Aim: To determine the effects of various direct pulp capping materials as measured by the clinical and radiographic analysis.

Design: Two reviewers performed a database search of the studies published between January 2005 and November 2020.

Study of the Efficacy of Uptitrating Teneligliptin Dose from Standard Dose (20 mg) to High Dose (40 mg) in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Aim: To study the efficacy of uptitrating the dose of Teneligliptin from 20 to 40 mg in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.

Method: A retrospective, comparative analysis was undertaken in 853 type II diabetes mellitus patients (499 males and 354 females) who had follow-up records for more than 6 months. These patients were uncontrolled after use of atleast three oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and Teneligliptin 20 mg was added as the fourth drug.

The Interaction of and in Neurogenesis and Its Implication in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurogenesis occurs in the brain during embryonic development and throughout adulthood. Neurogenesis occurs in the hippocampus and under normal conditions and persists in two regions of the brain-the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. As the critical role in neurogenesis, the neural stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into various cells and to self-renew.

Metalloprotease ADAM9 cleaves ephrin-B ligands and differentially regulates Wnt and mTOR signaling downstream of Akt kinase in colorectal cancer cells.

Ephrin-B signaling has been implicated in many normal and pathological processes, including neural crest development and tumor metastasis. We showed previously that proteolysis of ephrin-B ligands by the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM13 is necessary for canonical Wnt signal activation and neural crest induction in Xenopus, but it was unclear if these mechanisms are conserved in mammals. Here, we report that mammalian ADAM9 cleaves ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2 and can substitute for Xenopus ADAM13 to induce the neural crest.

Expert review on global real-world vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction: COVID-19 vaccines have been highly effective in reducing morbidity and mortality during the pandemic. While primary series vaccination rates are generally high in Southeast Asian (SEA) countries, various factors have limited the rollout and impact of booster doses.

Areas Covered: We reviewed 79 studies in the International Vaccine Access Center (IVAC) VIEW-hub platform on vaccine effectiveness (VE) after primary immunizations with two-dose schedules.

Reduced and delayed myelination and volume of corpus callosum in an animal model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders partially benefit from voluntary exercise.

1 in 20 live births in the United States is affected by prenatal alcohol exposure annually, creating a major public health crisis. The teratogenic impact of alcohol on physical growth, neurodevelopment, and behavior is extensive, together resulting in clinical disorders which fall under the umbrella term of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). FASD-related impairments to executive function and perceptual learning are prevalent among affected youth and are linked to disruptions to corpus callosum growth and myelination in adolescence.

Intrinsic disorder, extraterrestrial peptides, and prebiotic life on the earth.

The discovery of mechanisms for the synthesis of homo-polymeric oligopeptides, such as polyglycine under conditions relevant to the astrophysical environment as well as in scenarios resembling primordial conditions that prevailed soon after Earth was formed, raises hopes in the search of extraterrestrial life. It also raises the possibility of extraterrestrial contribution to origin of life on Earth in the form of simple polypeptides. Bioinformatics analyses strongly predict such homo-polymeric peptides to be intrinsically disordered underscoring the potential involvement of IDPs in the origin of life which, even in its simplest form, could emerge spontaneously by autocatalysis of the primordial IDPs in self-organizing systems that evolved over time following natural selection.

Noncanonical Sonic Hedgehog signaling amplifies platelet reactivity and thrombogenicity.

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is a morphogen in vertebrate embryos that is also associated with organ homeostasis in adults. We report here that human platelets, though enucleate, synthesize Shh from preexisting mRNAs upon agonist stimulation, and mobilize it for surface expression and release on extracellular vesicles, thus alluding to its putative role in platelet activation. Shh, in turn, induced a wave of noncanonical signaling in platelets leading to activation of small GTPase Ras homolog family member A and phosphorylation of myosin light chain in activated protein kinase-dependent manner.

Interventions Designed to Improve HIV Continuum of Care Outcomes for Persons with HIV in Contact with the Carceral System in the USA.

Purpose Of Review: To describe existing evidence and identify future directions for intervention research related to improving HIV care outcomes for persons with HIV involved in the carceral system in the USA, a population with high unmet HIV care needs.

Recent Findings: Few recent intervention studies focus on improving HIV care outcomes for this population. Successful strategies to improve care outcomes include patient navigation, substance use treatment, and incentivizing HIV care outcomes.

An insight into the morphology of DNA compaction induced by homobinuclear Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes.

Binuclear Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(NN)(BIPMB)] (1-4), where N-N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), dipyrido [3,2-d:2',3'-f] quinoxaline (dpq), and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz), have been synthesized using suitable precursors and bridging ligand (BIPMB), where BIPMB = 3,3'-bis-{(imidazol-1-yl)-[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline) methyl}-1,1'-biphenyl. The binding mode and affinity of complexes 1-4 with Calf Thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were determined by absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The decrease in viscosity of CT-DNA on sequential addition of these complexes indicated DNA condensation and the result was corroborated by circular dichroism (CD).

Use of pulse oximetry during nitrous oxide- oxygen inhalation sedation: mandatory or recommended?

Aim: There is skepticism amongst many dentists about the interference of nitrous oxide with the physiological parameters. This commentary attempts to make clear recommendations on the use of pulse oximeter during nitrous oxide inhalation sedation.

Background: Nitrous oxide is used commonly in dentistry as a tool to reduce fear/ anxiety and build a positive dental attitude.

Opportunities for Smartphone Sensing in E-Health Research: A Narrative Review.

Recent years have seen significant advances in the sensing capabilities of smartphones, enabling them to collect rich contextual information such as location, device usage, and human activity at a given point in time. Combined with widespread user adoption and the ability to gather user data remotely, smartphone-based sensing has become an appealing choice for health research. Numerous studies over the years have demonstrated the promise of using smartphone-based sensing to monitor a range of health conditions, particularly mental health conditions.

A novel property of hexokinase inhibition by Favipiravir and proposed advantages over Molnupiravir and 2 Deoxy D glucose in treating COVID-19.

Purpose: In the wake of SARS-CoV-2's global spread, human activities from health to social life to education have been affected. Favipiravir and Molnupiravir exhibited novel hexokinase inhibition and we discuss advantages of this property in their COVID-19 inhibition potential.

Methods: This paper describes molecular docking data of human hexokinase II with Favipiravir, Cyan 20, Remdesivir, 2DG, and Molnupiravir along with hexokinase inhibition assays.

Structural and functional variations in the prefrontal cortex are associated with learning in pre-adolescent common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

There is substantial evidence linking the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to a variety of cognitive abilities, with adolescence being a critical period in its development. In the current study, we investigated the neural basis of differences in learning in pre-adolescent common marmosets. At 8 months old, marmosets were given anatomical and resting state MRI scans (n = 24).