3D genomic features across >50 diverse cell types reveal insights into the genomic architecture of childhood obesity.

The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, along with the associated common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life. Motivated by evidence for a strong genetic component, our prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) efforts for childhood obesity revealed 19 independent signals for the trait; however, the mechanism of action of these loci remains to be elucidated. To molecularly characterize these childhood obesity loci, we sought to determine the underlying causal variants and the corresponding effector genes within diverse cellular contexts.

Mortality in Haemophilia Patients in India: A National Cohort Study.

Introduction: Mortality and morbidity in persons with haemophilia (PWH) have decreased due to improved diagnosis and treatment along with comprehensive population outreach efforts, but the impact is not uniform in different countries.

Aim: The study aims to assess all-cause and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH)-specific mortality of PWH in India.

Methods: This is a retrospective, observational, multi-centric cohort study of 1020 haemophilia patients from three centres in India.

Enhancing Healthcare Providers' Response to Gender-Based Violence: Development and Validation of an Assessment Tool Using the Modified e-Delphi Approach.

Background Effective gender-based violence (GBV) interventions depend on precise tools to assess healthcare providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This study aimed to develop and validate a culturally appropriate GBV questionnaire on the KAP of healthcare workers in India using a modified e-Delphi method. Methodology The study used a modified e-Delphi approach, conducted online, to validate a GBV questionnaire.

Mitigation of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy with superficial right ventricular mid-septal pacing: A long-term retrospective comparison with apical pacing.

Introduction: It remains unclear if pacing induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) may be minimized by standard pacing of the right ventricle (RV) at sites other than the RV apex. The purpose of this study is to compare the relative frequency of PICM in a population of patients paced at either the superficial RV mid septum (RVMS) or RV apex (RVA), and other outcomes that may differ between these sites.

Methods And Results: A retrospective evaluation was performed on all patients undergoing pacemaker implantation between 2011 and 2022.

Women-centric economics: A closer look at gender budgeting in India.

This article explores gender budgeting in Indian healthcare, emphasizing its role in addressing disparities. Examining trends, recent highlights, and implementation, it showcases impacts on maternal health, reproductive services, gender-based violence, and empowerment. Examples such as Ayushman Bharat and Mahila Samman Savings Certificate illustrate economic implications.

From data to decisions: Exploring family planning services utilization in Karnataka and India through the prism of NFHS-4 and NFHS-5.

Background: Family planning (FP) services are pivotal in assessing a country's healthcare efficacy. Despite India's strides in FP promotion, disparities persist in its utilization rates. This study analyzes Karnataka's FP trends by using National Family Health Survey (NFHS) rounds 4 and 5, comparing its indicators with national averages.

Burden of Pneumococcal Disease in Young Children Due to Serotypes Contained in Different Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Eight Asian Countries and Territories.

Background: Pneumococcal disease (PD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children in Asia and globally. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have significantly reduced the burden of PD when included in pediatric national immunization programs (NIPs). This study estimates the clinical and economic burden of PD due to serotypes contained in different PCVs in children aged < 5 years in eight Asian countries/territories.

Synthesis and characterization of novel uranyl clusters supported by bis(pyrazolyl) methane ligands: biomimetic catalytic oxidation, BSA protein interaction and cytotoxicity studies.

Two novel uranyl complexes were synthesized using bis-pyrazolyl methane ligands. The complexes were characterized by several spectroscopic techniques, including UV-Vis, IR, NMR, mass spectrometry, fluorescence, electrochemical, and thermogravimetric analysis. The solid-state structure of the complex C1 was determined with the help of single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

Advances in Dendritic-Cell-Based Vaccines against Respiratory Fungal Infections.

Ever since the discovery of dendritic cells by Ralph Steinman and Zanvil Cohn in 1973, it is increasingly evident that dendritic cells are integral for adaptive immune responses, and there is an undeniable focus on them for vaccines development. Fungal infections, often thought to be innocuous, are becoming significant threats due to an increased immunocompromised or immune-suppressed population and climate change. Further, the recent COVID-19 pandemic unraveled the wrath of fungal infections and devastating outcomes.

Synthesis, Characterization and Assessment of Antioxidant and Melanogenic Inhibitory Properties of Edaravone Derivatives.

A series of edaravone derivatives and the corresponding Cu(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as IR, UV, NMR and elemental analysis. Antioxidant activities of all compounds were examined using free radical scavenging methods such as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assays. All of the tested compounds exhibited good antioxidant activity.

HSP110 is a modulator of amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and proteotoxicity.

Chaperones safeguard protein homeostasis by promoting folding and preventing aggregation. HSP110 is a cytosolic chaperone that functions as a nucleotide exchange factor for the HSP70 cycle. Together with HSP70 and a J-domain protein (JDP), HSP110 maintains protein folding and resolubilizes aggregates.

Recent developments in the design of functional derivatives of edaravone and exploration of their antioxidant activities.

Edaravone, a pyrazalone derivative, is an antioxidant and free radical scavenger used to treat oxidative stress-related diseases. It is a proven drug to mitigate conditions prevailing to oxidative stress by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, reducing inflammation, and thereby preventing endothelial cell death. In recent years, considerable interest has been given by researchers in the derivatization of edaravone by adding varieties of substituents of versatile steric and functional properties to improve its antioxidant and pharmacological activity.

Prevalence and Treatment of Substance Misuse in Older Adults: Beyond Early Adulthood.

Substance misuse, traditionally seen as a problem of early to mid-adulthood, is becoming increasingly prevalent among the older adult population (ages ≥65). Diagnosing and treating substance misuse in this vulnerable population is challenging because of multiple pre-existing medical comorbidities as well as polypharmacy. As such, it remains underdiagnosed and underrepresented in the literature.

Impact of Tai Chi and Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Function, Balance, Cardiovascular Fitness, and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Randomized Control Trial.

Introduction Tai chi, an ancient Chinese martial art, was originally developed for combat and self-defense. Over time, it has evolved into both a sport and a form of exercise. This gentle, low-impact exercise involves performing a series of deliberate, flowing motions while focusing on deep, slow breaths.

A Multicenter Training and Interrater Reliability Study of the BASED Score for Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome.

Purpose: The best possible outcomes in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome require electroclinical remission; however, determining electrographic remission is not straightforward. Although the determination of hypsarrhythmia has inadequate interrater reliability (IRR), the Burden of AmplitudeS and Epileptiform Discharges (BASED) score has shown promise for the reliable interictal assessment of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome. Our aim was to develop a BASED training program and assess the IRR among learners.

Controlled Study of Metabolic Syndrome Among Offspring of Parents With Bipolar Disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is highly heritable and associated with increased rates of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, little is known about MetS in offspring of parents with BD. We therefore examined this topic in the Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring Study cohort.

Multivariate optimization and validation of 200 pesticide residues in the banana matrix by GC-MS/MS.

GC-MS/MS has been observed from past studies to be an appropriate choice for designing a simple, efficient and sensitive analytical technique. Accordingly, the linearity and working range, Method Limit of Detection (MLOD), Method Limit of Quantification (MLOQ), accuracy, precision (intra-day and inter-day), Matrix Effect (ME) and selectivity were analyzed for the assessment of 200 pesticide residues [organophosphorus pesticides (OPP), organochlorine pesticides (OCP), organonitrogen pesticides (ONP), synthetic pyrethroid pesticides (SPP), and herbicide methyl esters (HME)] in the banana matrix. The procedure involved QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction and clean-up with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Primary Secondary Amine (PSA) wherein the factors were optimized using the Plackett-Burman and central composite designs.

Mixed methods study on latent tuberculosis among agate stone workers and advocacy for testing silica dust exposed individuals in India.

The 2021 tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment guidelines in India included silicosis as a screening group, yet latent TB infection (LTBI) testing for silica-dust-exposed individuals is underemphasized. Focusing on an estimated 52 million silica-dust-exposed workers, particularly agate-stone workers in Khambhat, Gujarat, our study aims to estimate LTBI prevalence, identify predictors, and gather insights from TB and silicosis experts. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach, a cross-sectional study involved 463 agate-stone workers aged ≥ 20 years in Khambhat, using IGRA kits for LTBI testing.

The First 100 Seconds of Sleep of rEEGs Can Be a Reliable Scoring Method for D/EE-SWAS.

Purpose: Developmental/epileptic encephalopathy with spike wave activation with sleep, formerly known as electrical status epilepticus in sleep, is an electrographic pattern in which the interictal epileptiform activity is augmented by transition to sleep. Recent studies demonstrate the utility of the first 100 seconds of sleep of long-term monitoring (LTM) as a scoring method for electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Our aim was to measure the reliability of the spike-wave index (SWI) of the first 100 seconds of sleep of routine EEG (rEEG) as a tool for diagnosis of developmental/epileptic encephalopathy with spike wave activation with sleep.