Restricted Cortical Activity Involving Parietal Lobe and Sublobar Region Leads to Generalized Spike-Wave Discharges of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy: Evidence from an EEG Source Localization Study.

Background: Previous studies have localized the origin of "generalized" spike-wave discharges of idiopathic generalized epilepsies to specific brain regions. Although there are studies in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) which have investigated the origin of spike-wave discharges, reports on the propagation of discharges are sparse.

Objective: The current study investigated the propagation of spike-wave discharges in JME, which was investigated by statistically comparing the electroencephalography (EEG)-derived cortical source activity during (a) various phases of spike-wave discharge versus background (eyes closed) activity, and (b) various phases of the first spike wave versus the corresponding phase of subsequent spike waves.

Contrast Induced Sialadenitis with Low Volume Non-ionic Contrast in a Patient with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

Unlabelled: Background: Contrast Induced Sialadenitis or Iodide Mumps refers to non-suppurative inflammation of salivary glands following intravenous iodinated contrast administration. It is a rare adverse effect of iodinated contrast with only a few cases reported worldwide. It is hypothesized to be an idiosyncratic reaction due to toxic accumulation of iodine in salivary glands.

Genetics of Ataxias in Indian Population: A Collative Insight from a Common Genetic Screening Tool.

Cerebellar ataxias (CAs) represent a group of autosomal dominant and recessive neurodegenerative disorders affecting cerebellum with or without spinal cord. Overall, CAs have preponderance for tandem nucleotide repeat expansions as an etiological factor (10 TREs explain nearly 30-40% of ataxia cohort globally). The experience of 10 years of common genetic ataxia subtypes for ≈5600 patients' referrals (Pan-India) received at a single center is shared herein.

Serum Magnesium Levels During the Ictal and Interictal Phase in Patients of Migraine: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Migraine is one of the primary headaches having a global prevalence of 15%. It is characterized by neurovascular dysfunction and recurrent episodes of headache. The hyperexcitability of the cerebral cortex has been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of migraine, and magnesium (Mg) being a regulator of neuronal excitability is thought to participate in migraine pathogenesis.

Epstein-Barr virus infection presenting as encephalitis in HIV-Phenomenon not seen frequently.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can rarely present as encephalitis in HIV patients. We report a case of a 22-year-old female patient, diagnosed to have HIV infection 8 years back. She presented with headache and altered behavior for a week and focal fits for 2 days.

Air Pollution and Cognitive Impairment across the Life Course in Humans: A Systematic Review with Specific Focus on Income Level of Study Area.

Cognitive function is a crucial determinant of human capital. The Lancet Commission (2020) has recognized air pollution as a risk factor for dementia. However, the scientific evidence on the impact of air pollution on cognitive outcomes across the life course and across different income settings, with varying levels of air pollution, needs further exploration.

Predictors of Pain Severity and its Impact on Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Pain is a common and distressing symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). The relation of pain, its predictors, and its impact on quality of life (QoL) in PD has not been studied in Indian PD patients.

Objective: To assess the predictors of pain and investigate its impact on QoL among Indian PD patients.

Association of SUMOylation Pathway Genes With Stroke in a Genome-Wide Association Study in India.

Objective: To undertake a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants for stroke in an Indian population.

Methods: In a hospital-based case-control study, 8 teaching hospitals in India recruited 4,088 participants, including 1,609 stroke cases. Imputed genetic variants were tested for association with stroke subtypes using both single-marker and gene-based tests.

Evaluation of MR Visual Rating Scales in Major Forms of Dementia.

 The aim of the study is to visually rate major forms of dementia using global cortical atrophy (GCA), medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), and Fazeka's scales and Koedam's score using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose is to correlate the visual rating scales (VRS) with severity of dementia.  Thirty patients fulfilling DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) criteria for Alzheimer's dementia (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) underwent MRI brain.

Investigations of Huntington's Disease and Huntington's Disease-Like Syndromes in Indian Choreatic Patients.

Background: The diagnostic workup for choreiform movement disorders including Huntington's disease (HD) and those mimicking HD like phenotype is complex.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to genetically define HD and HD-like presentations in an Indian cohort. We also describe HTT-CAG expansion manifesting as neuroferritinopathy-like disorder in four families from Punjab in India.

Spectrum of neurological complications in chikungunya fever: experience at a tertiary care centre and review of literature.

Chikungunya (CHIK) has re-emerged as a potential neurotropic virus, with outbreaks recently being reported from many parts of India. The present study was conducted to study the spectrum and outcome of neurological complications in patients of CHIK during the 2016 outbreak in Delhi. A total of 42 cases seropositive for IgM CHIK antibodies by MAC-ELISA and developing neurological complications were enrolled.

Is Depression Related to Low Folate Levels in People with Epilepsy? An Observational Study and Meta-analysis.

Background: Both depression and low serum levels of folate are common in people with epilepsy (PWE), the latter especially in patients on hepatic enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). We did a cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis to assess if lower folate levels have any relation with depression in PWE.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and one PWE were recruited and assessed for depression using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Rated (IDS-SR) and Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician Rated; serum folate levels were measured in them at the same time.

Correlation between hippocampal volumes and medial temporal lobe atrophy in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Hippocampus undergoes atrophy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Calculation of hippocampal volumes can be done by a variety of methods using T1-weighted images of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Medial temporal lobes atrophy (MTL) can be rated visually using T1-weighted MRI brain images.

Psychiatric presentation of childhood epilepsy: Case series and review.

Childhood-onset epilepsy has a varied presentation and may have different etiological factors. A multiaxial diagnostic approach should be used before making treatment and management decisions for any individual patient. It is widely accepted that distinction among primary psychiatric disorders, epilepsy, and nonepileptic seizures is a challenge for physicians.

Alcohol-Related Dementia and Neurocognitive Impairment: A Review Study.

Context: Alcohol consumption has escalated rapidly in many countries over the past decade. Evidence suggests a correlation between alcohol use and cognitive decline. We have systematically reviewed the concept and controversies, epidemiology, nosology, neuropathology and neurobiology, neuropsychology and management updates of alcohol-related dementia (ARD) in this paper.

Impact of sleep quality on the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease: a questionnaire based study.

Objective: Poor sleep quality contributes to the inferior quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) despite appropriate treatment of motor symptoms. The literature about the impact of sleep quality on quality of life of patients with PD is as yet sparse.

Material And Methods: One hundred patients of PD diagnosed as per UK Brain Bank criteria were assessed for severity and stage of PD using UPDRS and modified Hoehn &Yahr scales.