[Morphopathology of myocardial hypoxic-ischemic injuries in newborns at 22-27 weeks' gestation].

Objective: To determine the parameters of myocardial structural injuries developed in chronic intrauterine hypoxia conditions in newborns at 22-27 weeks' gestation.

Material And Methods: A battery of morphological techniques, including organometry studies and separate weighing of the heart; 3D histology; morphometry with the determination of the area of cardiomyocyte nuclei, the specific area of the muscular and interstitial components of the right ventricular myocardium; immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies to transforming growth factor βı (TGF-βı), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and transmission electron microscopy, was used to examine heart samples from 30 deceased newborns at 22-27 weeks' gestation who developed in chronic intrauterine hypoxia conditions. A control group consisted of hearts from 20 extremely low body weight (ELBW) newborns, the main cause of whose death was asphyxia caused by the premature detachment of a normally positioned placenta.

[Immunomorphological aspects of miscarriage at late gestational ages].

Aim: to reveal the morphological features of placentas and to define a role of the lectin pathway for activation of the complement system in the development of premature birth.

Material And Methods: A complex morphological study was conducted to examine 37 placentas, 25 of which were obtained from women with clinical signs of threatened miscarriage and 12 placentas from apparently healthy pregnant women.

Results: Placental tissue CD59 expression was ascertained to be significantly less in the women with threatened miscarriage than in those having full-term babies.

[Morphogenesis of Human Fetal Thymus during Weeks 22-27 of Development].

Distinctive features of human fetal thymus morphogenesis in early ontogeny in the case of uncomplicated pregnancy have been characterized. A steady increase of thymus dimensions and weight occurred concomitantly to differentiation of morphofunctional zones within the organ. Cell differentiation in the subcapsular and inner cortical zones of the thymus lobes was manifested as changes in parameters of expression of T-lymphocyte antigens CD1, CD2, and CD3 and ultrastructural features of reticuloepithelial cells (REC) type I and II forming a microenvironment for lymphocytes.

[Primary cardiomyopathies].

The paper provides a review of literature on primary cardiomyopathy yet referring to as an inadequately studied abnormality that is diagnosed with difficulty by clinicians and frequently missed by pathologists at autopsy.

[A case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an 8-month-old baby].

The paper analyzes a death due to undiagnosed asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an 8-month-old baby. The peculiarities of this case are the extent of myocardial damage, the irreversibility of structural injuries in the absence of clinical symptoms, and a concurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe pneumonia and meningoencephalitis.

[Variants of pathomorphological changes in the thymus of in utero infected extremely low birth weight neonatal infants].

Objective: To analyze pathomorphological changes in the thymus of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonatal infants who have developed in the presence of in utero infection.

Subjects And Methods: A study group included 105 ELBW neonates who had developed in the presence of in utero infection. The main causes of their death were the following conditions: generalized viral and bacterial infection of mixed genesis (n = 56 (53.

[Growth factors are markers of placental insufficiency in third-trimester miscarriage].

The paper characterizes placental growth factors in the third trimester of pregnancy. The placental expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGFbeta2) was studied in miscarriage after 34-37 weeks pregnancy and during term labor. Chronic placental insufficiency was diagnosed in miscarriage.

[Morphological criteria for thymic dyschronias in extremely low birth weight fetuses].

The paper emphasizes the importance of tissue malformations (dyschronias) in the development of immunodeficiency states in extremely low birth weight neonates. Thymuses from 115 fetuses at 22-27 weeks post-conception age were examined by immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies. Two types of thymic structural changes were identified in fetuses developing during transplacental infection.

[Morphological diagnosis of placental pathology in uterine contraction disorders].

100 placentas were studied and various forms of gestosis were diagnosed. Inflammation was frequent in weak activity of uterus. Discoordination of contractile uterus activity results in redistribution of fetal circulation resulting in vascular pathology of the umbilical cord and villi, in part gestation of vessels of terminal and intermedial villi and anemisation of trunk villi.

[The role placental factors in formation of perinatal pathology in gestosis of different severity].

Morphological study of gestosis in 153 cases. In light degree of gestosis focal ishemic and hemorrhagic infarcti and vascular changes of villi are found; decrease of the size of intervillous space at moderate degree and the 2nd stage of chronical placental hypertension. Hypoplasia of placentas, umbilical cord pathology and chronical placental hypertension in gestosis of a grave degree.

[Morphology of the cerebral cortex in fetuses and extremely low weight newborns in normal pregnancy and miscarriage of hormonal etiology].

Complex histologic, histostereometric and electron microscopic study of fields 4 and 6 of the brain cortex in fetuses and newborns with an extremely low body weight allowed to specify formation of histoarchitectonics of the motor analyser during the second trimester of perinatal ontogenesis. Stages of differentiation (20-23 weeks) and maturation (24-27 weeks) of neurons and cytoarchitectonic layers of the motor zone in uncomplicated pregnancy as well as slow maturation of this cortex region in incomplete pregnancy of hormonal genesis were discovered. In this condition, there are lengthening of the neuron differentiation stage up to 26 weeks of gestation and important reduction of histostereometrical values (thickness of individual cytoarchitectonic layers and that of all the cortex) and cytokaryometrical values (volume of neuron nuclei) as compared to those in uncomplicated pregnancy.

Heterogeneity of smooth muscle cells in embryonic human aorta.

Cellular composition of aortas from 5- to 12-week and 18- to 28-week-old human embryos were investigated using immunocytochemistry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The aorta of the 5- to 12-week-old embryos consisted of three sublayers differing in cellular composition. The inner sublayer adjacent to the endothelium contained round and ovoid cells with synthetic phenotype.

[A comparative ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of the smooth myocytes in the tunicae intima and media of the human fetal aorta].

Transmission electron microscopy was used for studying the thoracic part of the aorta of 9 human fetuses of 20-28 weeks of development. In the medial tunic of the human fetus aorta there are smooth myocytes (SM) of the contractile and synthetic phenotypes. The latter are localized mainly in the inner part of the media.

[The three-dimensional structure of the tunica intima and tunica media of the human fetal aorta studied by a new method].

A new method is developed for revealing the latent surfaces in the structure of organs by scanning electronic microscopy. The method is based on the treatment of specimens with potassium ethoxide until cells start to appear in the dissociating solution. Using this method, thoracic aorta of nine human fetuses at the stage of 20-28 weeks was studied.

[Changes in the form and ultrastructure of the smooth-muscle cells in the human aorta in prenatal ontogeny].

The shape of smooth muscle cells (SMC) was analysed using the phase contrast microscopy of cell suspensions obtained by alcohol-alkali dissociation, as well as the semithin sections prepared in perpendicular planes. The phenotype of SMC was analysed using transmission electron microscopy. The shape of SMC changes from preferentially round to preferentially spindle-like and stellate one during development.