Automated Blood Sampling in a Canine Telemetry Cardiovascular Model.

Successful implementation of automated blood sampling (ABS) into a telemetry instrumented canine cardiovascular model provides simultaneous cardiovascular assessment of novel compounds while collecting multiple blood samples for analysis of drug level, cytokines, and biomarkers. Purpose-bred male Beagle dogs ( = 36) were instrumented with a dual-pressure telemetry transmitter and vascular access port. Modifications to acclimation practices, surgical procedures, and housing were required for implementation of ABS in our established cardiovascular canine telemetry colony.

Harnessing cerebrospinal fluid circulation for drug delivery to brain tissues.

Initially thought to be useful only to reach tissues in the immediate vicinity of the CSF circulatory system, CSF circulation is now increasingly viewed as a viable pathway to deliver certain therapeutics deeper into brain tissues. There is emerging evidence that this goal is achievable in the case of large therapeutic proteins, provided conditions are met that are described herein. We show how fluid dynamic modeling helps predict infusion rate and duration to overcome high CSF turnover.

Subcutaneous, but not intratracheal administration of the TLR9 agonist, CpG DNA transiently reduces parainfluenza-3 virus shedding in newborn lambs.

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs signal through TLR9 and activate innate immunity resulting in protection against a variety of parasitic, bacterial and viral pathogens in mouse models. However, few studies have demonstrated protection in humans and large animals. In the present investigations, we evaluated protection by CpG ODN in a parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus infection in neonatal lambs.

The cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with isoflurane, ketamine-diazepam or propofol-diazepam in the hypovolemic dog.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the cardiopulmonary effects of induction of anesthesia with isoflurane (Iso), ketamine-diazepam (KD), or propofol-diazepam (PD) in hypovolemic dogs. Study design Prospective randomized cross-over trial.

Animals: Six healthy intact, mixed breed, female dogs weighing 20.

Cardiopulmonary effects of administration of a combination solution of xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine or inhaled isoflurane in mechanically ventilated calves.

Objective: To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of administration of a solution of xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine (XGK) or inhaled isoflurane in mechanically ventilated calves undergoing surgery.

Animals: 13 male calves 2 to 26 days of age. Procedures-In calves in the XGK group, anesthesia was induced (0.

Oral DNA immunization in the second trimester fetal lamb and secondary immune responses in the neonate.

We previously demonstrated that oral DNA vaccination of the third trimester fetus may be an effective strategy to prevent vertical disease transmission despite an immature immune system and the possibility of developing tolerance. The present investigation examined oral DNA vaccine delivery and immunogenicity in the second trimester fetal lamb (50-100 days of gestation (dg)). Histological examination revealed nucleated cells in the superficial layers of the oral mucosa.

Systemic innate immune responses following intrapulmonary delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in sheep.

Mucosal delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) in mice has been shown to induce potent innate immunostimulatory responses and protection against infection. We evaluated the efficacy of CpG ODN in stimulating systemic innate immune responses in sheep following delivery to the pulmonary mucosa. Intrapulmonary (IPM) administration of B-Class CpG ODN in saline induced transient systemic responses which included increased rectal temperatures, elevated serum 2'5'-A synthetase and haptoglobin concentrations.

The effect of hypovolemia due to hemorrhage on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in the dog.

Objective: To determine the effect of hypovolemia on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in the dog.

Study Design: Randomized, cross-over trial.

Animal Population: Six healthy intact mixed breed female dogs weighing 18.

Comparison of hemodynamic, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal motility effects and recovery characteristics of anesthesia with isoflurane and halothane in horses undergoing arthroscopic surgery.

Objective: To compare hemodynamic, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal motility effects and recovery characteristics of halothane and isoflurane in horses undergoing arthroscopic surgery.

Animals: 8 healthy adult horses.

Procedure: Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane or halothane (crossover study).

Analysis of the contribution of Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 to enteric disease progression using a novel bovine ileal loop model and a murine model of infectious enterocolitis.

We have developed a novel ileal loop model for use in calves to analyze the contribution of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium type III secretion systems to disease processes in vivo. Our model involves constructing ileal loops with end-to-end anastamoses to restore the patency of the small intestine, thereby allowing experimental animals to convalesce following surgery for the desired number of days. This model overcomes the time constraint imposed by ligated ileal loop models that have precluded investigation of Salmonella virulence factors during later stages of the infection process.