Improvement of serum folate status in the US women of reproductive age with fortified iodised salt with folic acid (FISFA study).

Objective: Mandatory folic acid fortification of enriched grains has reduced neural tube defect prevalence in several countries. We examined salt as an additional vehicle for folic acid fortification. The primary objective was to examine the change in serum folate concentration after 1 month of consumption of fortified iodised salt with folic acid (FISFA) among women of reproductive age.

Carbon-Based Functional Nanomaterials as Tools for Controlling the Kinetics of Tribochemical Reactions.

The aim of this article is to experimentally determine the role of the environment, consisting of a base oil (PAO), carbon nanomaterials, and optional other additives, as well as the kind of metal in contact with the lubrication film, in the stimulation of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) additives' effectiveness during protective film formation. This paper focuses on the role of carbon nanostructures in energy transportation and conversion during tribological processes. An antistatic additive (ASA) (not used in lubricating oils) for jet fuels was added to disturb the process of energy conduction (electric charges) through the lubricant film and thus determine how this disturbance affects the kinetics of the ZDDP triboreaction and, consequently, the linear wear.

2022 national survey of immunizing community chain pharmacists: The case for codifying the PREP Act emergency authorities into practice.

Background: Pharmacy-based immunization services have expanded since the mid-1990s but still face multiple challenges. Amendments to the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act broadened patient-care scope and the pool of eligible pharmacy personnel who could administer vaccinations. The expiration of these amendments in 2024 may threaten recent gains in vaccine and other health care access newly available through pharmacies.

SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination rescues attenuated IgG1 memory B cell response in primary antibody deficiency patients.

Background: Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have proven effective in eliciting a protective immune response in healthy individuals, their ability to induce a durable immune response in immunocompromised individuals remains poorly understood. Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) syndromes are among the most common primary immunodeficiency disorders in adults and are characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired ability to mount robust antibody responses following infection or vaccination.

Methods: Here, we present an analysis of both the B and T cell response in a prospective cohort of 30 individuals with PAD up to 150 days following initial COVID-19 vaccination and 150 days post mRNA booster vaccination.

: Navigating the New Quagmire and Its Impacts on Abortion and Reproductive Health Care.

On June 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision on .

mRNA vaccine boosting enhances antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in individuals with antibody deficiency syndromes.

Individuals with primary antibody deficiency (PAD) syndromes have poor humoral immune responses requiring immunoglobulin replacement therapy. We followed individuals with PAD after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination by evaluating their immunoglobulin replacement products and serum for anti-spike binding, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding, and neutralizing activities. The immunoglobulin replacement products tested have low anti-spike and receptor-binding domain (RBD) titers and neutralizing activity.

Real-world evidence on adherence and completion of the two-dose recombinant zoster vaccine and associated factors in U.S. adults, 2017-2021.

Introduction: Poor compliance with adult vaccination recommendations contributes to substantial disease burden. Evidence on adherence, completion, and completion timeliness for the 2-dose recombinant herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) and factors associated with these outcomes is limited and not readily generalizable for the entire U.S.

Hepatitis vaccination adherence and completion rates and factors associated with low compliance: A claims-based analysis of U.S. adults.

Poor compliance with multi-dose vaccine schedules by adults for whom hepatitis (Hep) A and B vaccines are recommended contributes to major Hep A and B disease burdens among high-risk U.S. adults.

Tribochemical Interactions between Graphene and ZDDP in Friction Tests for Uncoated and W-DLC-Coated HS6-5-2C Steel.

If a lubricant contains structures capable of conducting energy, reactions involving zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) may take place both very close to and away from the solid surfaces, with this indicating that ZDDP can be a highly effective anti-wear (AW) additive. The central thesis of this article is that the tribocatalytic effect is observed only when the energy emitted by the solids is transmitted by ordered molecular structures present in the lubricant, e.g.

Community chain pharmacists' perceptions of increased technicians' involvement in the immunization process.

Background: Over the past 2 decades, pharmacists have positioned immunization services as an important aspect of their expanding role in patient care.

Objectives: To examine how community chain pharmacists view time spent on immunization, available in-store resources and barriers, and pharmacy technician involvement in the context of their views about the achievement of key National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) Standards of Adult Immunization Practice in their workplace.

Methods: A representative, nationwide survey was administered electronically to chain community pharmacists over a 4-week period.

Medium-term response of the natural grassland soil biota to multiwalled carbon nanotube contamination.

Although the soil environment can potentially be exposed to contamination by carbon nanotubes (CNT), its impact on soil biology is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of the multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) contamination on different groups of soil organisms (microbial, micro- and mesofaunal communities) as well as the soil enzyme activity. The experimental mesocosms included the intact soil cores that were collected from a natural grassland.

The Indirect Tribological Role of Carbon Nanotubes Stimulating Zinc Dithiophosphate Anti-Wear Film Formation.

Experimental studies reveal that the simultaneous addition of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDPs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to a poly-alpha-olefin base oil strongly reduces wear. In this paper, it is shown that MWCNTs promote the formation of an anti-wear (AW) layer on the metal surface that is much thicker than what ZDDPs can create as a sole additive. More importantly, the nanotubes' action is indirect, i.

Tribochemical Interactions between Carbon Nanotubes and ZDDP Antiwear Additive during Tribofilm Formation on Uncoated and DLC-Coated Steel.

The data from the authors' earlier investigations show that molecules of zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP) added to a lubricant can absorb energy emitted by a solid surface, which is where triboreactions occur. If the lubricant contains structures able to conduct energy, the ZDDP reactions can occur even at a relatively large distance from the solid surface, which should increase the effectiveness of ZDDP as an antiwear additive. The purpose of this paper was to verify the thesis that the tribocatalytic effect depends on the ability of the solid surface to emit electrons/energy and the ability of ordered molecular structures, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), to conduct energy and, most likely, to enhance the energy transfer.

Optimizing the immunization activities of community chain pharmacists: Insights from a national survey.

Objectives: To assess (1) the practices, attitudes, and perceptions of immunizing chain community pharmacists regarding implementation of immunization services per the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) Standards of Adult Immunization Practice and (2) how community pharmacists view the effectiveness of corporate initiatives toward improving immunization volumes.

Design: Following extensive formative research and pilot-testing, a cross-sectional survey was administered electronically to chain community pharmacists over a 4-week period.

Setting And Participants: Respondents were chain community pharmacists engaged in year-round immunization in the United States, randomly sampled from a list of 9717 maintained by the American Pharmacists Association.

Diabetes risk scores for Hispanics living in the United States: A systematic review.

Aim: Undiagnosed diabetes is more prevalent among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States (U.S.).

Prostate-specific antigen concentration in vaginal fluid after exposure to semen.

Objective: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the best established biomarker of semen exposure. PSA in vaginal fluid returns to pre-exposure concentrations within 24-48 h, but the speed of decay during the first 10 h is unknown. We sought to determine how fast PSA concentrations decline during the first 10 h after exposure to semen.

The Italian species of (Araneae, Filistatidae): a critical revision and description of two new species.

The species of Pritha Lehtinen, 1967 in Italy are revised for the first time, and a preliminary putative diagnosis for the genus is provided. Two new Italian species are described: Pritha parva sp. nov.

Higher risk for incident heart failure and cardiovascular mortality among community-dwelling octogenarians without pneumococcal vaccination.

Aims: Octogenarians have the highest incidence of heart failure (HF) that is not fully explained by traditional risk factors. We explored whether lack of pneumococcal vaccination is associated with higher risk of incident HF among octogenarians.

Methods And Results: In the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), 5290 community-dwelling adults, ≥65 years of age, were free of baseline HF and had data on pneumococcal vaccination.

Recommend, but also Discuss: Different Patterns of Physician-Perceived Barriers to Discussing HPV Vaccination and Their Association with Vaccine Administration in 11-12 Year-Old Girls.

Objectives We examined variation in primary care physicians' (PCPs') perceptions of barriers to physician-initiated discussion of HPV vaccination, and how this is associated with the rates at which they discuss, initiate and continue to administer vaccination with 11-12 year-old girls. Methods We surveyed 301 PCPs using systematic random sampling. PCP variation in perceived barriers to discussing HPV vaccination was modeled using latent class analysis (LCA).

Primary Care Physicians' Adherence to Guidelines and Their Likelihood to Prescribe the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine for 11- and 12-Year-Old Girls.

Background: Inadequate physician adherence to guidelines has received scant attention as a possible cause of suboptimal human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates. We assessed the extent to which primary care physicians (PCPs) adhere to clinical guidelines and their reported intentions to prescribe HPV vaccine to females in the targeted age group, and how this is influenced by perceptions of guideline clarity and other factors.

Methods: We surveyed 301 PCPs to explore their sociodemographic and practice-related characteristics, beliefs, professional norms, and perceived barriers to administer HPV vaccine.

Immunization costs and programmatic barriers at an urban HIV clinic.

Background: Although the increasing number of recommended immunizations is essential for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the potentially uncompensated costs of expanded immunizations will present significant challenges for clinics and health systems serving HIV-infected patients.

Methods: We estimated costs of providing Gardasil, Prevnar, and Zostavax to eligible patients at a US Ryan White Part C academically affiliated HIV clinic in 2013. Clinic expenditures were calculated using vaccine price and administrative fees.