Correlation between drugs of abuse and alcohol by hair analysis: parents at risk for having children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

The fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) hair test, a biomarker of excessive alcohol exposure, has demonstrated its potential for use in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) diagnosis. FASD may be compounded by polydrug exposure. Our objective was to determine the likelihood of positive FAEE test among parents testing positive for other drugs of abuse.

Agreement between the fatty acid ethyl ester hair test for alcohol and social workers' reports.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social worker reports and the fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) test as a biomarker for heavy alcohol use. In 2005, a diagnostic program to detect excessive alcohol use by FAEE hair analysis in parents at high risk of having children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders was established. All cases submitted by Child Protective Services between May and December of 2007 (n = 172) were included comparing social worker reports with FAEE test outcome by odds ratio analysis.

Heavy in utero ethanol exposure is associated with the use of other drugs of abuse in a high-risk population.

Many ethanol dependent women also use other drugs of abuse that may affect pregnancy outcome and long-term child neurodevelopment. This study investigated the association between drugs of abuse and concurrent use of ethanol in pregnancy. A study cohort of neonates with FAEE levels above 2 nmol per gram meconium, indicative of heavy in utero ethanol exposure, was identified (n=114).

Hair analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters in the detection of excessive drinking in the context of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

A serious challenge in diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the need to document alcohol use during pregnancy. Maternal/paternal alcohol abuse affects the likelihood of fetal alcohol exposure, and hence the occurrence of FASD. The objective of the current study was to document the use of the fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) hair test, a biomarker of excessive alcohol use, in parents at risk of having children with FASD and quantify the prevalence of alcohol use in this population.

The effect of hair pigment on the incorporation of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE).

Aims: The objective of the current study was to determine whether FAEE incorporation is affected by hair pigmentation.

Methods: Black hooded LE rats were injected intraperitoneally daily with ethanol. Prior to dosing, black and white patches of fur were shaved and analyzed for baseline levels of FAEE using an adapted extraction procedure and GCMS method.

[Pathogenesis of chronic ischemia of the lower extremities in patients of advanced ages].

Peripheral artery disease can be most frequently observed at elderly and senile age. Aging, development of atherosclerosis and propensity to thrombosis are closely interconnected. The age of 50-70 years is the most critical to developing vascular insufficiency.

Alarming prevalence of fetal alcohol exposure in a Mediterranean city.

The prevalence of gestational ethanol exposure and subsequent fetal exposure has been assessed in a cohort of mother-infant dyads in a Mediterranean city (Barcelona, Spain) by meconium analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) after showing in this population a high prevalence of meconium opiates (8.7%), cocaine (4.4%), and cannabis (5.

Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE); comparative accumulation in human and guinea pig hair as a biomarker for prenatal alcohol exposure.

Aims: To compare the incorporation rate (ICR) of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in hair between guinea pigs and humans, and to assess the relationship between ethanol exposure and FAEE concentrations in hair.

Methods: Published data from pregnant guinea pigs, including maximum blood ethanol concentration (BEC), dosage regimen, and total hair FAEE concentration, were compared with published data from alcoholic patients, where dose of ethanol consumed and total hair FAEE concentration were reported. Mean values of ethanol Vmax for pregnant guinea pigs and humans were obtained from published data (26.

Age-associated cognitive deficits in humans and dogs: a comparative neuropsychological approach.

We compared performance of younger and older human participants to that of younger and older dogs on tasks that evaluate object discrimination, egocentric spatial ability, object recognition, spatial memory, and cognitive flexibility. Our goal was to determine whether (i) tasks sensitive to advanced age in dogs are also age-sensitive in humans; (ii) the pattern of task difficulty observed in dogs mirrors that observed in humans; (iii) dogs and humans use similar strategies to solve equivalent tasks. Dogs performed more poorly than humans on reversal tasks that evaluate cognitive flexibility.