Growth Mechanism of Semipolar AlN Layers by HVPE on Hybrid SiC/Si(110) Substrates.

In this work, the growth mechanism of aluminum nitride (AlN) epitaxial films by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on silicon carbide (SiC) epitaxial layers grown on silicon (110) substrates is investigated. The peculiarity of this study is that the SiC layers used for the growth of AlN films are synthesized by the method of coordinated substitution of atoms. In this growth method, a part of the silicon atoms in the silicon substrate is replaced with carbon atoms.

Dielectric Function and Magnetic Moment of Silicon Carbide Containing Silicon Vacancies.

In this work, silicon carbide layers containing silicon vacancies are grown by the Method of Coordinated Substitution of Atoms (MCSA). The main idea of this fundamentally new method is that silicon vacancies are first created in silicon, which is much simpler, and only then is silicon converted into silicon carbide by chemical reaction with carbon monoxide. The dielectric function of silicon carbide containing silicon vacancies, grown on both n- and p-type silicon substrates, is measured for the first time.

Theoretical aspects of the growth of a non-Kossel crystal from vapours: the role of advacancies.

The growth of an arbitrary multicomponent non-Kossel crystal the Burton-Cabrera-Frank mechanism is studied, considering the effect of advacancies and their recombination with adatoms on the surface. An analysis is carried out for two cases: growth due to vapours and growth due to chemical reactions. The analytical expressions are found for the rate of advancement of a group of equidistant steps and the crystal growth rate considering the properties of all the species involved in the growth process.

Spin Polarization and Magnetic Moment in Silicon Carbide Grown by the Method of Coordinated Substitution of Atoms.

In the present work, a new method for obtaining silicon carbide of the cubic polytype 3C-SiC with silicon vacancies in a stable state is proposed theoretically and implemented experimentally. The idea of the method is that the silicon vacancies are first created by high-temperature annealing in a silicon substrate Si(111) doped with boron B, and only then is this silicon converted into 3C-SiC(111), due to a chemical reaction with carbon monoxide CO. A part of the silicon vacancies that have bypassed "chemical selection" during this transformation get into the SiC.

Special Issue: Silicon Carbide: From Fundamentals to Applications.

Most of the wide variety of electronic devices today are silicon-based [...

Anomalous Properties of the Dislocation-Free Interface between Si(111) Substrate and 3C-SiC(111) Epitaxial Layer.

Thin films of single-crystal silicon carbide of cubic polytype with a thickness of 40-100 nm, which were grown from the silicon substrate material by the method of coordinated substitution of atoms by a chemical reaction of silicon with carbon monoxide CO gas, have been studied by spectral ellipsometry in the photon energy range of 0.5-9.3 eV.

Ascending Si diffusion into growing GaN nanowires from the SiC/Si substrate: up to the solubility limit and beyond.

We report a novel mechanism that allows the incorporation of Si into GaN nanowires up to and beyond the solubility limit. This mechanism is documented during the growth on vicinal (misoriented) SiC/Si hybrid substrates having the step bunches. Nanowires that are grown at these locations become heavily Si doped.

Micro-Raman Mapping of 3C-SiC Thin Films Grown by Solid-Gas Phase Epitaxy on Si (111).

A series of 3C-SiC films have been grown by a novel method of solid-gas phase epitaxy and studied by Raman scattering and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is shown that during the epitaxial growth in an atmosphere of CO, 3C-SiC films of high crystalline quality, with a thickness of 20 nm up to few hundreds nanometers can be formed on a (111) Si wafer, with a simultaneous growth of voids in the silicon substrate under the SiC film. The presence of these voids has been confirmed by SEM and micro-Raman line-mapping experiments.

Carvedilol dihydrogen phosphate propan-2-ol solvate from powder diffraction data.

In the cation of the title compound, C(24)H(27)N(2)O(4) (+)·H(2)PO(4) (-)·C(3)H(8)O [systematic name: 3-(9H-carbazol-4-yl-oxy)-2-hydr-oxy-N-[2-(2-methoxy-phen-oxy)eth-yl]propan-1-aminium dihydro-gen phosphate propan-2-ol solvate], the mean planes of the tricyclic carbazole system and the benzene ring form a dihedral angle of 42.00 (16)°. In the crystal structure, classical inter-molecular O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations, anions and solvent mol-ecules into layers parallel to the ac plane.

Carvedilol dihydrogen phosphate hemihydrate: a powder study.

IN THE CATION OF THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 3-(9H-carbazol-4-yl-oxy)-2-hydr-oxy-N-[2-(2-methoxy-phen-oxy)eth-yl]propan-1-aminium dihydrogen phosphate hemihydrate], C(24)H(27)N(2)O(4) (+)·H(2)PO(4) (-)·0.5H(2)O, the mean planes of the tricyclic ring system and the benzene ring form a dihedral angle of 87.2 (2)°.

[Monitoring of infectious diseases among wild boars].

Sixty-seven serum samples and 43 pathological material samples from wild boars, taken in 5 regions of Russia and in the Kharkov Region of the Ukraine in 2002 to 2005 were studied. Wild boars in some regions of Russia were shown to be carriers of Aujeszky's disease virus, porcine parvovirus, porcine circovirus type 2, lymphotropic herpesvirus-1, porcine cytomegalovirus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. The classical swine fever (CSF) virus genome was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the samples from 10 wild boars from 2 Russian regions (the Tver and Moscow Regions).

[Immunological and biological characteristics of viral isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome].

Described in the paper are study results of some immunobiological properties of 5 field isolates of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), obtained in Russia and Byelorussia in 1998-2001. According to the research work, the PRRSV isolates with different immunobiological properties have been circulating in the territories of Russia and Byelorussia. Three of the 4 examined virus isolates were found to be pathogenic and 1 avirulent to pigs.

[Comparative study of spirapril (quadropril) and amlodipine efficacy. Results of randomized trial in patients with mild to moderate arterial hypertension].

Aim: To compare in the non-blind randomised parallel study the efficiency of quadropril and amlodipine in the treatment of mild to moderate arterial hypertension.

Material And Methods: A total of 80 patients (57.6 +/- 1.

[Ramipril effects on 24 hour profile of blood pressure in patients with mild and moderate hypertension].

Aim: The study of the effects of the inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme ramipril (tritace) on the 24-h profile of blood pressure (BP) in patients with mild and moderate arterial hypertension.

Materials And Methods: Ramipril was given to 21 males aged 45-68 years with essential hypertension stage II (WHO criteria) with stable elevated diastolic blood pressure (95-114 mm Hg) in a single dose 2.5-10 mg/day.

[The clinical pharmacology of antianginal agents].

This paper provides the basic advances made in studying the clinical pharmacology of antianginal agents (AAs), demonstrates the contribution of current tools for evaluating their antianginal effects, namely pharmacodynamic studies using pair bicycle ergometry and repeated treadmill exercises, 24-hour ECG monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies. It shows that AAs can be chosen on an individual basis. The authors present pharmacodynamic characteristics of a number of new AAs from nitrates (trinitrolong, dinitrosorbilong, etc.

[The pharmacokinetic interaction of propranolol and nifedipine in patients with angina of effort].

A comprehensive study was undertaken to examine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of propranolol and nifedipine in 11 patients with stable angina of effort who were treated for a long time. It was shown that when the agents were given in combination, the patient's plasma generated the same profiles of their concentrations as used alone. This suggests that the propranolol + nifedipine combination is safe from the point of their pharmacokinetic interaction.

[Treatment of patients with stable angina by combination of trinitrolong and propranolol].

Trinitrolong (TNL), a long-acting nitroglycerin for application on the gingiva, was comparatively assessed for effect on stable angina pectoris in monotherapy and in combination with beta-adrenoblocker propranolol. A total of 11 anginal patients received the combination the efficacy of which was verified by paired bicycle ergometry. A high antianginal effect of TNL was established.

[Methodologic approaches to evaluation of interaction of anti-anginal agents in their combined use in patients with exercise-induced angina].

The paper shows methodological approaches to assessing the interaction (antagonism and synergism) of antianginal agents in their combination used in 15 patients with stable angina. Each patient underwent paired bicycle ergometry with placebo, isosorbide dinitrate, 10 mg (ID), nifedipine, 20 mg (N), propranolol, 40 mg (P), and a combination of the drugs: ID, 10 mg, +P, 40 mg; N, 20 mg, +P, 40 mg; ID, 10 mg+N, 20 mg. The results were processed by two-dimensional dispersion analysis.

[The single-dose screening of nitrates, calcium antagonists, beta-adrenoblockaders and their combinations in patients with stenocardia of effort by using the paired bicycle ergometry method].

Fifteen males with stable angina pectoris were screened for efficacy of antianginal drugs in single doses (isosorbide dinitrate, 10 mg; nifedipine, 20 mg; propranolol, 40 mg) and in combinations (ID+Pr, ID+Nf, Nf+Pr, Nf+Pr+ID). The findings at paired bicycle ergometries indicated that ID was most beneficial in monotherapy. Only two combinations (Nf+Pr and Nf+Pr+ID) were superior when compared to single drugs.

[A comparison of the efficacy of nitrogranulong and other prolonged-action nitrates by using paired bicycle ergometry in patients with stenocardia].

The efficacy of single doses of nitrogranulong, 5.2 mg, trinitrolong, 2 mg, nitrong 6.5 mg, and placebo was evaluated in 10 males aged 46-62 years who had Functional Classes II-III angina on effort.