Trafficked or Married? Unpacking Dispossession of Matrimonial Choice in Cross-Region Marriage Migration in India.

The article, based on original research from 246 villages, discusses contemporary marriage migrations of poor women from India's development peripheries to rural North Indian men. Anti-trafficking activists and organizations in India assert that migrant brides are trafficked into sexual slavery through 'coerced' alliances. Employing a postcolonial feminist lens, this article challenges hegemonic anti-trafficking discourse with its gendered presumptions about widespread 'bride-trafficking' by showing that the processes of cross-region marriage mediation and motives are replete with contradictions and ambiguities.

Extreme Domain Wall Speeds under Ultrafast Optical Excitation.

Time-resolved ultrafast EUV magnetic scattering was used to test a recent prediction of >10  km/s domain wall speeds by optically exciting a magnetic sample with a nanoscale labyrinthine domain pattern. Ultrafast distortion of the diffraction pattern was observed at markedly different timescales compared to the magnetization quenching. The diffraction pattern distortion shows a threshold dependence with laser fluence, not seen for magnetization quenching, consistent with a picture of domain wall motion with pinning sites.

Integrated Analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Rapamycin-Induced Cardioprotection against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rabbits.

The inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with rapamycin (RAPA) provides protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetes. Since interactions between transcripts, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA(miRNA) and mRNA, regulate the pathophysiology of disease, we performed unbiased miRarray profiling in the heart of diabetic rabbits following I/R injury with/without RAPA treatment to identify differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and their predicted targets of lncRNAs/mRNAs. Results showed that among the total of 806 unique miRNAs targets, 194 miRNAs were DE after I/R in diabetic rabbits.

Physiological effects of ivabradine in heart failure and beyond.

Ivabradine is a pharmacologic agent that inhibits the funny current responsible for determining heart rate in the sinoatrial node. Ivabradine's clinical potential has been investigated in the context of heart failure since it is associated with reduced myocardial oxygen demand, enhanced diastolic filling, stroke volume, and coronary perfusion time; however, it is yet to demonstrate definitive mortality benefit. Alternative effects of ivabradine include modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic activation, and endothelial function.

Node injection for class-specific network poisoning.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful in learning rich network representations that aid the performance of downstream tasks. However, recent studies showed that GNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks involving node injection and network perturbation. Among these, node injection attacks are more practical as they do not require manipulation in the existing network and can be performed more realistically.

An impressive case of isolated thoracic impalement.

Case: A 61-year-old male construction worker was admitted to our Emergency Department due to being impaled in the chest after fall onto the long pole of his cement mixer. He was promptly scanned through the CT then transferred to theatre where unique technique for intubation was utilised prior to performing a Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery exploration and extraction of the foreign object.

Discussion: Impalement injuries are classified into Types I or II depending on the direction of movement of the human body in relation to the foreign object.

Single-Dose Treatment with Rapamycin Preserves Post-Ischemic Cardiac Function through Attenuation of Fibrosis and Inflammation in Diabetic Rabbit.

Robust activation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling in diabetes exacerbates myocardial injury following lethal ischemia due to accelerated cardiomyocyte death with cardiac remodeling and inflammatory responses. We examined the effect of rapamycin (RAPA, mTOR inhibitor) on cardiac remodeling and inflammation following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rabbits. Diabetic rabbits (DM) were subjected to 45 min of ischemia and 10 days of reperfusion by inflating/deflating a previously implanted hydraulic balloon occluder.

Androgen-deprivation therapy with leuprolide increases abdominal adiposity without causing cardiac dysfunction in middle-aged male mice: effect of sildenafil.

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary systemic therapy for treating advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), which has improved survival outcomes in patients with PCa. However, ADT may develop metabolic and cardiovascular adverse events that impact the quality of life and lifespan in PCa survivors. The present study was designed to establish a murine model of ADT with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide and to investigate its effects on metabolism and cardiac function.

Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL.

The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented.

Small molecule inhibitor against onco-mucins disrupts Src/FosL1 axis to enhance gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Mucin MUC4 is an aberrantly expressed oncogene in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet no pharmacological inhibitors have been identified to target MUC4. Here, we adapted an in silico screening method using the Cancer Therapeutic Response Database (CTRD) to Identify Small Molecule Inhibitors against Mucins (SMIMs). We identified Bosutinib as a candidate drug to target oncogenic mucins among 126 FDA-approved drugs from CTRD screening.

Beyond Erectile Dysfunction: cGMP-Specific Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors for Other Clinical Disorders.

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), an important intracellular second messenger, mediates cellular functional responses in all vital organs. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is one of the 11 members of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family that specifically targets cGMP generated by nitric oxide-driven activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. PDE5 inhibitors, including sildenafil and tadalafil, are widely used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and certain urological disorders.

Treating diabetes with combination of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and hydroxychloroquine-a possible prevention strategy for COVID-19?

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the major risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease and the resultant devastating morbidity and mortality. The key features of T2D are hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion. Patients with diabetes and myocardial infarction have worse prognosis than those without T2D.

Observation of Collective Molecular Dynamics in a Chalcogenide Glass: Results from X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy.

The structural relaxation processes in a GeAsS molecular chalcogenide glass sample were directly studied by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). XPCS was conducted at the first sharp diffraction peak at = 1.16 Å at temperatures ranging from 123 K to above the glass transition at 328 K, and the results showed two different dynamical regimes.

An Study to Compare the Release of Fluoride from Glass Ionomer Cement (Fuji IX) and Zirconomer.

Unlabelled: Mercury toxicity from amalgam dental fillings and their potential for creating problems in the environment and for human health have prompted the development of new restorative materials. The leading alternatives among these are glass ionomer cements. According to current understanding, restorative materials that slowly release fluoride exert a local cariostatic effect.

Preclinical model of type 1 diabetes and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in conscious rabbits-demonstration of cardioprotection with rapamycin.

We developed a preclinical model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in conscious diabetic rabbits to identify an early pharmacological intervention for patients with diabetes and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Here, we describe a reproducible protocol for induction of diabetes with subsequent manifestation of myocardial I/R injury in conscious rabbits to mimic the real-life scenario observed in clinical settings. Further, we demonstrate the efficacy of rapamycin at the onset of reperfusion to limit the adverse effect of AMI.

Regulatory role of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in exosome secretion and osteogenic changes in smooth muscle cells lacking acid ceramidase gene.

Acid ceramidase (murine gene code: Asah1) (50 kDa) belongs to N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase family. This enzyme is located in the lysosome, which mediates conversion of ceramide (CER) into sphingosine and free fatty acids at acidic pH. CER plays an important role in intracellular sphingolipid metabolism and its increase causes inflammation.

An Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Functionalized Tricalcium Phosphate Paste and CPP-ACPF on Artificial White Spot Lesion in Primary and Permanent Enamel.

Aim: Investigation and evaluation of remineralization potential of functionalized tricalcium phosphate paste (fTCP) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACPF) paste on artificially created white spot lesion on human primary and permanent enamel through scanning electron microscopy and microhardness assessment.

Materials And Methods: Sixty freshly extracted primary and permanent teeth were selected and artificial white spot lesion were created by using standardized demineralizing solution. Remineralization was carried out using the test pastes.

Role of phosphodiesterase 1 in the pathophysiology of diseases and potential therapeutic opportunities.

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are superfamily of enzymes that regulate the spatial and temporal relationship of second messenger signaling in the cellular system. Among the 11 different families of PDEs, phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) sub-family of enzymes hydrolyze both 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in a mutually competitive manner. The catalytic activity of PDE1 is stimulated by their binding to Ca/calmodulin (CaM), resulting in the integration of Ca and cyclic nucleotide-mediated signaling in various diseases.

Understanding nanoscale structural distortions in Pb(ZrTi)O by utilizing X-ray nanodiffraction and clustering algorithm analysis.

Hard X-ray nanodiffraction provides a unique nondestructive technique to quantify local strain and structural inhomogeneities at nanometer length scales. However, sample mosaicity and phase separation can result in a complex diffraction pattern that can make it challenging to quantify nanoscale structural distortions. In this work, a k-means clustering algorithm was utilized to identify local maxima of intensity by partitioning diffraction data in a three-dimensional feature space of detector coordinates and intensity.

Differential Regulation of mTOR Complexes with miR-302a Attenuates Myocardial Reperfusion Injury in Diabetes.

Persistent activation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) in diabetes increases the vulnerability of the heart to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We show here that infusion of rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) at reperfusion following ischemia reduced myocardial infarct size and apoptosis with restoration of cardiac function in type 1 diabetic rabbits. Likewise, treatment with rapamycin protected hyperglycemic human-pluripotent-stem-cells-derived cardiomyocytes (HG-hiPSC-CMs) following simulated ischemia (SI) and reoxygenation (RO).

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Doxorubicin-Induced Muscle Toxicity through Counteracting Pyroptosis.

Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced muscle toxicity (DIMT) is a common occurrence in cancer patients; however, the cause of its development and progression is not established. We tested whether inflammation-triggered cell death, "pyroptosis" plays a role in DIMT. We also examined the potential role of exosomes derived from embryonic stem cells (ES-Exos) in attenuating DIMT.

The bystander effect in rats.

To investigate whether the classic bystander effect is unique to humans, the effect of bystanders on rat helping was studied. In the presence of rats rendered incompetent to help through pharmacological treatment, rats were less likely to help due to a reduction in reinforcement rather than to a lack of initial interest. Only incompetent helpers of a strain familiar to the helper rat exerted a detrimental effect on helping; rats helped at near control levels in the presence of incompetent helpers from an unfamiliar strain.

Sildenafil Potentiates the Therapeutic Efficacy of Docetaxel in Advanced Prostate Cancer by Stimulating NO-cGMP Signaling.

Purpose: Docetaxel plays an indispensable role in the management of advanced prostate cancer. However, more than half of patients do not respond to docetaxel, and those good responders frequently experience significant cumulative toxicity, which limits its dose duration and intensity. Hence, a second agent that could increase the initial efficacy of docetaxel and maintain tolerability at biologically effective doses may improve outcomes for patients.