Oral Hygiene Status and Gingivitis in Overweight and Obese Children.

Introduction: Obesity poses a significant health risk to our society with prevalence that has dramatically increased in children. Obesity and periodontal diseases share many common risk factors.

Aim: To study the oral hygiene status and prevalence of gingivitis in children with increased body mass index.

Root Development of Permanent Incisors and Mandibular Molars in Correlation with Treatment Plan.

Background: The incisors and molars play a major role in the formation and function of permanent dentition. Much research has been devoted to investigating the eruption of teeth and their root development.

Aim: To study the root development of permanent incisors and mandibular molars in correlation with treatment plan and proper treatment protocols.

Revascularization of immature non-vital permanent teeth--literature review and a case study.

Apical periodontitis in permanent children's teeth with incomplete root development is a challenge for endodontists to treat. It is important that highly efficient therapeutic methods and biologically valuable therapies be developed to prevent the loss of these teeth. The AIM of the study was to review modern literature on revascularization of non-vital permanent teeth with incomplete root development, and to present a clinical case.

Aesthetic perception of dental fluorosis--opinions of dentists and non-specialists.

Unlabelled: Aesthetic perception of the changes in teeth appearance is one of the factors that makes a person undertake a dental treatment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to survey dentists' and non-specialists' aesthetic perception of dental fluorosis.

Patients And Methods: We recruited 120 young people (age range 18-22 years with little knowledge of dental fluorosis and 120 randomly selected dentists.

Comparative study of dental caries and dental fluorosis in populations of different dental fluorosis prevalence.

Introduction: There is evidence that the prevalence of dental fluorosis in many countries has increased over the last three decades along with a noted decrease of dental caries. To date no comparative studies of dental caries and dental fluorosis have been conducted in Bulgaria reflecting the present-day conditions of life.

Aim: To study comparatively the prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries and to establish what relationship, if any, there is between them.

[Occlusal caries of permanent molars of children - role of occlusal morphology].

In transversal epidemiologic study of 960 children of the age 7-14 years dynamics of occlusal caries in permanent molars depending on the occlusal morphology was established. The diagnostic scale of Espelid et al. was used to diagnose occlusal caries and the classification of Hirano and Aoba was used in the analysis of occlusal morphology.

Molar incisor hypomineralisation in 7-to-14-year old children in Plovdiv, Bulgaria--an epidemiologic study.

Introduction: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental disturbance of enamel affecting the first permanent molars and permanent incisors. The epidemiological evidence on MIH prevalence shows it to be in the range of 3.6 to 25%.

Application of sealants in dental practice in Bulgaria.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate application of sealants in an epidemiologic cross-sectional study, and to conduct a survey of the opinions of dentists on the application of sealants in their practice.

Patients And Methods: The epidemiologic study included 960 children aged 7 to 14, selected at random from schools in Plovdiv and 630 dentists from Plovdiv and other regions in Bulgaria. Data were analysed using alternative and nonparametric analysis (chi square test); the level of significance was set at P < 0.

Dynamics of occlusal caries in permanent molars and premolars in children aged 7 to 14 years.

Aim: The present cross-sectional epidemiologic study was to determine the dynamics of occlusal caries in permanent molars and premolars depending on the occlusal morphology.

Patients And Methods: The study included 960 children aged 7 to 14 years recruited randomly from schools in Plovdiv selected at random. The data were registered in a statistical form.

[Model for early childhood caries risks].

Risk factors of early childhood caries were studied on 406 children of 12-47 months age. The results showed that pathological pregnancy, sleeping with bottle of blend or sweet liquid, use of candy and caramel on sticks and sour-sweet fruit juices were significant factors leading to early childhood caries. During simultaneous action of all these risk factors domination belonged to use of sour-sweet fruit juices.

[Use of compomers in treatment of early childhood dental caries].

The purpose of this survey is to establish the effectiveness of the treatment of early childhood caries using compomers. The target group consists of 28 children aged from 20 to 47 months and presenting "early childhood caries". The team has done 126 fillings of vital frontal and distal teeth (61 of frontal and 65 of distal teeth) using the Glasiosite compomer by Voco.

A study of dentists' opinion about caries treatment of 1-3- year-old children.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to examine the opinion of dentists from Plovdiv about the problems connected with treating caries of children one to three years of age.

Methods: The study included 129 dentists from Plovdiv. It was carried out by a direct group inquiry.

Dynamics of caries activity and caries reduction in group prophylaxis with fluoride gel.

Aim: The study aims at following up the dynamics of caries activity (As) and caries reduction (Rs) of first permanent molars (M1) in group prophylaxis with 0.42% fluoride gel in groups with relatively low caries risk.

Methods: A three-year-long study on 213 7-year olds from Plovdiv was carried out.

Dynamics of some parameters of macula cariosa alba treated with fluoride gel.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to follow up the changes of the level of demineralization and the area of white spots during treatment with 0.42% fluoride gel.

Methods: 182 white spots in 27 children (aged 7 to 16) were followed.

Changes in the appearance and form of the spots of macula cariosa alba in treatment with fluoride gel.

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the changes in the appearance of the surface and in the form of the carious spots in the treatment of acute initial caries with fluoride gel.

Material And Methods: Clinical observation on 182 white carious spots in 27 children from 7 to 16 years of age was conducted for a period of 12 months. Two groups were formed--experimental (112 spots) and control (70 spots).

Comparative age study of the risk of demineralization during orthodontic treatment with brackets.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the hypothesis of a higher risk of demineralization in regions adjacent to brackets at earlier age.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of 42 persons (22 persons aged 11-15 years and 20 persons aged 19-24 years) in the process of orthodontic treatment with brackets was performed. The duration of the observation was 18 months.

Treatment of incipient caries in children with fluoride gel.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the treatment of acute incipient caries in children with fluoride gel by following up the development of the white carious spots.

Methods: Clinical observation on 182 white spot carious lesions in 27 children aged 7 to 16 was carried out for 12 months in two groups--experimental and control. The experimental group received 4 applications of 0.

A study of caries polarization in 1-, 2- and 3-year-old children.

Introduction: The polarization of dental caries is a notion defined as a small percentage of persons with high dental caries rate and a large percentage of caries-free persons. This phenomenon has not been studied sufficiently in children aged 12 to 47 months which has justified the undertaking of this study.

Aim: To determine the percentages of persons with different levels of caries incidence and the percentages of their carious and filled teeth (dft) of the total number of dft in the respective age group.

Specificity of caries attack in early childhood.

Introduction: Knowledge of the caries-affected teeth and dental surfaces at a specific age can be of great importance for the effective prevention and treatment of dental caries.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine caries incidence by tooth types and tooth surfaces, totally and separately by jaws in children from 12 to 47 months of age.

Material And Methods: The study was representative and was conducted in accordance with the World Health Organization requirements for epidemiological study of dental caries.

Early childhood caries--incidence and need for treatment.

Introduction: The peculiarities of early childhood require specific approaches to dental caries treatment. The necessity of discussing this problem has justified the undertaking of this study.

Aim: The aim was to determine caries incidence rate and the need for its treatment in children aged 12 to 47 months.

Caries incipiens prevalence of the permanent teeth by jaw regions in 7-, 12- and 14-year-old children.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to establish caries incipiens prevalence of the permanent teeth by dental surfaces (Is). Caries incipiens is examined totally and separately by macula cariosa alba and macula cariosa fusca by jaws and regions.

Material And Methods: The sample is random and comprises 600 children of 7, 12 and 14 years of age.

Morphological changes in dental enamel after fluoride gel application in vitro.

Introduction: The investigations of in vitro models precede the clinical studies. Using these studied we can investigate the effect upon the enamel of different agents for local application.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural changes in a normal and partially demineralized enamel after 0.

Comparative study of the polarization of dental caries in 7-, 12- and 14-year-old children from Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Introduction: As a result of the anticaries prevention programs the percentage of persons with high level of DMFT decreases and the percentage of persons free of caries increases. This demands the formulation of a new approach in determining the strategies and priorities of the preventive programs and the amount of the needed dental services.

Material And Methods: A clinico-statistical study of dental caries comprising 600 children of 7, 12 and 14 years of age (300 boys and 300 girls) from Plovdiv was carried out in 1997.