Differential Multi-cellularity Is Required for the Adaptation for to Withstand Heavy Metals Toxicity.

is a multi-metal tolerant bacteria, isolated from the paddy rhizospheric soil sample. Upon the multiple metal toxicity, altered their phenotypic/morphogenesis. Here we examined the effects of cadmium (Cd2+), chromium (Cr2+), and mercury (Hg2+) on the morphogenesis of in comparison to control.

Identification of Biomarkers for Resistance to f. sp. Infection and Studies in Cultivar Puttabale through Proteomic Approach.

Panama wilt caused by f. sp. (Foc) is one of the major disease constraints of banana production.

Molecular cloning of a coiled-coil-nucleotide-binding-site-leucine-rich repeat gene from pearl millet and its expression pattern in response to the downy mildew pathogen.

Downy mildew caused by Sclerospora graminicola is a devastating disease of pearl millet. Based on candidate gene approach, a set of 22 resistance gene analogues were identified. The clone RGPM 301 (AY117410) containing a partial sequence shared 83% similarity to rice R-proteins.

Genetic diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic Myrothecium spp. isolated from Calophyllum apetalum and Garcinia morella.

Calophyllum apetalum and Garcinia morella, medicinal plants are endemic to Western Ghats, Karnataka, India. Sixteen Myrothecium isolates were obtained from the tissues of bark and twigs of these plants. The purpose of this study was to explore the antimicrobial activity and genetic variability of the endophytic Myrothecium isolates.

Proteomic analysis of elicitation of downy mildew disease resistance in pearl millet by seed priming with β-aminobutyric acid and Pseudomonas fluorescens.

Unlabelled: Downy mildew is one of the severe diseases of pearl millet, globally affecting its commercial production. Priming of seeds of a susceptible cultivar of pearl millet with β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and Pseudomonas fluorescens has reduced the downy mildew disease incidence level under field studies. In the current study, proteomic approach was used to elucidate the poorly studied resistance mechanism in these elicitor primed pearl millet seeds in response to Sclerospora graminicola infection.

Immuno-affinity purification of PglPGIP1, a polygalacturonase-inhibitor protein from pearl millet: studies on its inhibition of fungal polygalacturonases and role in resistance against the downy mildew pathogen.

Polygalacturonase-inhibitor proteins (PGIPs) are important plant defense proteins which modulate the activity of microbial polygalacturonases (PGs) leading to elicitor accumulation. Very few studies have been carried out towards understanding the role of PGIPs in monocot host defense. Hence, present study was taken up to characterize a native PGIP from pearl millet and understand its role in resistance against downy mildew.

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Solanum xanthocarpum leaf extracts against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats.

Context: Solanum xanthocarpum Schard. and Wendl. (Solanaceae) has been used in traditional Indian medicines for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiasthmatic properties.

Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in pearl millet-downy mildew interaction.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade-mediated signalling is essential in the establishment of resistance towards pathogens. The present study compared MAPK activities in a compatible and incompatible interaction between pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.

Inhibition of TMV multiplication by siRNA constructs against TOM1 and TOM3 genes of Capsicum annuum.

The host proteins TOM1 and TOM3 associated with tonoplast membrane are shown to be required for efficient multiplication of Tobamoviruses. In this study, homologous of TOM1 and TOM3 genes were identified in pepper (Capsicum annuum) using specific primers. Their gene sequences have similarity to Nicotiana tabacum NtTOM1 and NtTOM3.

Production of unusual dispiro metabolites in Pestalotiopsis virgatula endophyte cultures: HPLC-SPE-NMR, electronic circular dichroism, and time-dependent density-functional computation study.

The endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis virgatula, derived from the plant Terminalia chebula and previously found to produce a large excess of a single metabolite when grown in the minimal M1D medium, was induced to produce a variety of unusual metabolites by growing in potato dextrose broth medium. Analysis of the fermentation medium extract was performed using an HPLC-PDA-MS-SPE-NMR hyphenated system, which led to the identification of a total of eight metabolites (1-8), six of which are new. Most of the metabolites are structurally related and are derivatives of benzo[c]oxepin, rare among natural products.

HPLC-SPE-NMR identification of a novel metabolite containing the benzo[c]oxepin skeleton from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis virgatula culture.

HPLC-SPE-NMR analysis of a crude extract of fermentation broth of cultured PESTALOTIOPSIS VIRGATULA isolate TC-320 from TERMINALIA CHEBULA Retz. (Combretaceae) disclosed the presence of a simple but unprecedented low-molecular-weight metabolite, 9-hydroxybenzo[ C]oxepin-3[1 H]-one, subsequently isolated by a targeted purification procedure.

Antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties of endophytic Pestalotiopsis species from medicinal plants.

Pestalotiopsis species were most dominant endophytic species isolated from four medicinal plants including Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia chebula, Azadirachta indica, and Holarrhena antidysenterica. Thirty Pestalotiopsis species isolated from different parts of the medicinal plants were selected for the study. The antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of Pestalotiopsis isolates were determined by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl inhibitory activity, lipid peroxidation, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition activity.

Fungal endophyte assemblages from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees.

Endophytic fungi represent an interesting group of microorganisms associated with the healthy tissues of terrestrial plants. They represent a large reservoir of genetic diversity. Fungal endophytes were isolated from the inner bark segments of ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal tree species, namely Terminalia arjuna, Crataeva magna, Azadirachta indica, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Terminalia chebula, and Butea monosperma (11 individual trees), growing in different regions of southern India.