Radiation dosimetry analyses of radiographic imaging systems used for orthodontic treatment: comparison among child, adolescent, and adult patients.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effective doses of orthodontic radiographs in children, adolescents, and adults.

Methods: We exposed a child, an adolescent (simulated by an adult female phantom), and adult male phantoms using common scanning protocols for panoramic radiography, cephalography, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Glass dosimeters were placed in the organs of the phantom to measure the absorbed doses.