Electroencephalography-based endogenous phenotype of diagnostic transition from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder.

The neuropathology of mood disorders, including the diagnostic transition from major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD), is poorly understood. This study investigated resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) activity in patients with MDD and those whose diagnosis changed from MDD to BD. Among sixty-eight enrolled patients with MDD, the diagnosis of 17 patients converted to BD during the study period.

Multi-proteomic analyses of 5xFAD mice reveal new molecular signatures of early-stage Alzheimer's disease.

An early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is crucial as treatment efficacy is limited to the early stages. However, the current diagnostic methods are limited to mid or later stages of disease development owing to the limitations of clinical examinations and amyloid plaque imaging. Therefore, this study aimed to identify molecular signatures including blood plasma extracellular vesicle biomarker proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease to aid early-stage diagnosis.

Machine learning-based classification using electroencephalographic multi-paradigms between drug-naïve patients with depression and healthy controls.

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a supplementary diagnostic tool in psychiatry but lacks practical usage. EEG has demonstrated inconsistent diagnostic ability because major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder with complex pathologies. In clinical psychiatry, it is essential to detect these complexities using multiple EEG paradigms.

Association between the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials and age in patients with schizophrenia and depression.

Objective: Although serotonergic dysfunction is significantly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), comparison of serotonergic dysfunction in both diseases has received little attention. Serotonin hypotheses have suggested diminished and elevated serotonin activity in MDD and SCZ, respectively. However, the foundations underlying these hypotheses are unclear regarding changes in serotonin neurotransmission in the aging brain.

Effect of Self-administered Transcranial Direct Stimulation in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Single-blinded Clinical Trial.

Objective: In numerous studies that have addressed transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) devices, participants visit the hospital regularly and undergo stimulation directed by health professionals. This method has the advantage of being able to deliver accurate stimuli in a controlled environment, but it does not adopt the merits of tDCS portability and applicability. Thus, it may be necessary to investigate how self-administered tDCS treatment at home affects depression- related symptoms.

Machine Learning-Based Electroencephalographic Phenotypes of Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder.

Psychiatric diagnosis is formulated by symptomatic classification; disease-specific neurophysiological phenotyping could help with its fundamental treatment. Here, we investigated brain phenotyping in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) by using electroencephalography (EEG) and conducted machine-learning-based classification of the two diseases by using EEG components. We enrolled healthy controls (HCs) ( = 30) and patients with SZ ( = 34) and MDD ( = 33).

Comparison of frontal alpha asymmetry among schizophrenia patients, major depressive disorder patients, and healthy controls.

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) has been observed in several psychiatric disorders. Dominance in left or right frontal alpha activity remains inconsistent in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), patients with schizophrenia, and healthy controls. This study compared FAA among patients with MDD and schizophrenia, and healthy controls.

A direct comparison of the electrophysiological effects of transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation in healthy subjects.

Objective: Despite the clinical effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), the comparability of these interventions in neurophysiological aspects have not been thoroughly investigated. Thus, we aimed to directly compare the electrophysiological effects of single-session tDCS and gamma-tACS in healthy subjects, matching the intervention protocol as closely as possible.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blinded, and active-controlled study.

Heart and Brain Interaction of Psychiatric Illness: A Review Focused on Heart Rate Variability, Cognitive Function, and Quantitative Electroencephalography.

Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects beat-to-beat variability in the heart rate due to the dynamic interplay of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. HRV is considered an index of the functional status of the autonomic nervous system. A decrease in HRV is thus observed in individuals with autonomic dysfunction.

Changes in Global and Nodal Networks in Patients With Unipolar Depression After 3-Week Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment.

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy has been applied in depressive disorders, but its neurobiological effect has not been well understood. Changes in cortical source network after treatment need to be confirmed. The present study investigated the effect of 3-week rTMS therapy on the symptom severity and cortical source network in patients with unipolar depression.

The Efficacy of Miniaturized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients with Depression.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at a high frequency using a miniaturized device compared to standard rTMS and sham rTMS for the treatment of depression.

Methods: Fifty-four patients with depression were randomly assigned to either 15 days of miniaturized, standard, or sham rTMS. The stimulation consisted of 60 trains of 5 seconds at 10 Hz for 30 minutes.

Three Weeks of rTMS Treatment Maintains Clinical Improvement But Not Electrophysiological Changes in Patients With Depression: A 6-Week Follow-Up Pilot Study.

Our previous study demonstrated that 3 weeks of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) increases P200 amplitudes and improves the symptoms of depression and anxiety in depression patients. In the present study, we investigated whether 3 weeks of rTMS treatment maintained the P200 amplitude in patients with depression at 6 weeks of follow-up. We measured the 6-week maintenance effects of rTMS using clinical questionnaires and an auditory oddball paradigm.

Unsuccessful reduction of high-frequency alpha activity during cognitive activation in schizophrenia.

Aims: Electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha activity during resting state reflects the 'readiness' of an individual to respond to the environment; this includes the performance of cognitive processes. Alpha activity is reported to be attenuated in schizophrenia (SCZ). Understanding the interaction between alpha activity during rest and when cognitively engaged may provide insights into the neural circuitry, which is dysfunctional in SCZ.

Association of the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials with clinical changes to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression.

Background: Although the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of depression has been well investigated, there are few biological predictors of clinical outcomes to rTMS treatment. Previous studies have suggested that the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) can be used as a predictor of response to antidepressant treatment. However, little is known about the association between rTMS and LDAEP.

Mismatch Negativity and Cortical Thickness in Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.

Introduction: Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a measure of automatic neurophysiological brain processes for detecting unexpected sensory stimuli. This study investigated MMN reduction in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and examined whether cortical thickness is associated with MMN, for exploratory purposes.

Methods: Electroencephalograms were recorded in 38 patients with schizophrenia, 37 patients with bipolar disorder, and 32 healthy controls (HCs) performing a passive auditory oddball paradigm.

Heart rate variability associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in victims' families of sewol ferry disaster.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is caused by a major traumatic event, has been associated with autonomic nervous function. However, there have been few explorations of measuring biological stress in the victims' family members who have been indirectly exposed to the disaster. Therefore, this longitudinal study examined the heart rate variability (HRV) of the family members of victims of the Sewol ferry disaster.

Influence of the 5-HT3A Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Childhood Sexual Trauma on Central Serotonin Activity.

Background: Gene-environment interactions are important for understanding alterations in human brain function. The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) is known to reflect central serotonergic activity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5-HT3A serotonin receptor gene are associated with psychiatric disorders.

The effects of 3 weeks of rTMS treatment on P200 amplitude in patients with depression.

Previous studies have reported that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) induces neuronal plasticity in the brain. Although event-related potential (ERP) is an exploration tool, the rTMS effects on ERPs in patients with major depression have not been fully explored. We demonstrated that rTMS treatment induces changes in brain function in patients with medication-resistant major depression using the ERP.