Prevalent Harmonic Interaction in the Bat Inferior Colliculus.

Animal vocalizations and human speech are typically characterized by a complex spectrotemporal structure, composed of multiple harmonics, and patterned as temporally organized sequences. However, auditory research often employed simple artificial acoustic stimuli or their combinations. Here we addressed the question of whether the neuronal responses to natural echolocation call sequences can be predicted by manipulated sequences of incomplete constituents at the midbrain inferior colliculus (IC).

Effects of one-week bilateral cerebellar iTBS on resting-state functional brain network and multi-task attentional performance in healthy individuals: A randomized, sham-controlled trial.

Background: Cerebellar intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) modulates the excitability of the cerebral cortex and may enhance attentional performance. To date, few studies have conducted iTBS on healthy subjects for one week and used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the effect of multiple stimulation sessions on resting-state functional brain networks and the daily stimulation effect on attentional performance.

Methods: 16 healthy subjects participated in a one-week experiment, receiving bilateral cerebellar iTBS or sham stimulation and engaging in multi-task attentional training.

Identification and Verification of Error-Related Potentials Based on Cerebellar Targets.

The error-related potential (ErrP) is a weak explicit representation of the human brain for individual wrong behaviors. Previously, ErrP-related research usually focused on the design of automatic correction and the error correction mechanisms of high-risk pipeline-type judgment systems. Mounting evidence suggests that the cerebellum plays an important role in various cognitive processes.

Effects of insect pursuit on the Doppler shift compensation in a hipposiderid bat.

Doppler shift compensation (DSC) is a unique feature observed in certain species of echolocating bats and is hypothesized to be an adaptation to detecting fluttering insects. However, current research on DSC has primarily focused on bats that are not engaged in foraging activities. In this study, we investigated the DSC performance of Pratt's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pratti, which was trained to pursue insects in various motion states within a laboratory setting.

Global brain analysis of minor hallucinations in Parkinson's disease using EEG and MRI data.

Introduction: Visual hallucination is a prevalent psychiatric disorder characterized by the occurrence of false visual perceptions due to misinterpretation in the brain. Individuals with Parkinson's disease often experience both minor and complex visual hallucinations. The underlying mechanism of complex visual hallucinations in Parkinson's patients is commonly attributed to dysfunction in the visual pathway and attention network.

Investigation into white matter microstructure differences in visual training by using an automated fiber tract subclassification segmentation quantification method.

Visual training has emerged as a useful framework for investigating training-related brain plasticity, a highly complex task involving the interaction of visual orientation, attention, reasoning, and cognitive functions. However, the effects of long-term visual training on microstructural changes within white matter (WM) is poorly understood. Therefore, a set of visual training programs was designed, and automated fiber tract subclassification segmentation quantification based on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging was performed to obtain the anatomical changes in the brains of visual trainees.

Unraveling the Impact of Cerebellar Stimulation on Attentional Performance: A Behavioral Study.

Attentional processes play a crucial role in our ability to perceive and respond to relevant stimuli. The cerebellum, traditionally associated with motor control, has recently garnered attention as a potential contributor to attention modulation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cerebellar intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on attentional performance using three behavioral tasks: dot counting, target selection, and multi-tasking.

Dimensionality Reduction Hybrid U-Net for Brain Extraction in Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

In various applications, such as disease diagnosis, surgical navigation, human brain atlas analysis, and other neuroimage processing scenarios, brain extraction is typically regarded as the initial stage in MRI image processing. Whole-brain semantic segmentation algorithms, such as U-Net, have demonstrated the ability to achieve relatively satisfactory results even with a limited number of training samples. In order to enhance the precision of brain semantic segmentation, various frameworks have been developed, including 3D U-Net, slice U-Net, and auto-context U-Net.

Differences and Changes in Cerebellar Functional Connectivity of Parkinson's Patients with Visual Hallucinations.

Recent studies have discovered that functional connections are impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) accompanied by hallucinations (PD-H), even at the preclinical stage. The cerebellum has been implicated in playing a role in cognitive processes. However, the functional connectivity (FC) between the cognitive sub-regions of the cerebellum in PD patients with hallucinations needs further clarification.

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at the Cerebellum on Working Memory.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a widely used brain intervention technique in clinical settings. In recent years, the role of the cerebellum in learning and memory has become one of the hotspots in the field of cognitive neuroscience. In this study, we recruited 36 healthy college or graduate students as subjects and divided them into groups, with 10 to 14 subjects in each group.

A Method for the Study of Cerebellar Cognitive Function-Re-Cognition and Validation of Error-Related Potentials.

The cerebellar region has four times as many brain cells as the brain, but whether the cerebellum functions in cognition, and how it does so, remain unexplored. In order to verify whether the cerebellum is involved in cognition, we chose to investigate whether the cerebellum is involved in the process of error judgment. We designed an experiment in which we could activate the subject's error-related potentials (ErrP).

Physiological and Neural Changes with Rehabilitation Training in a 53-Year Amputee: A Case Study.

Many people who received amputation wear sEMG prostheses to assist in their daily lives. How these prostheses promote muscle growth and change neural activity remains elusive. We recruited a subject who had his left hand amputated for over 53 years to participate in a six-week rehabilitation training using an sEMG prosthesis.

Special Patterns of Dynamic Brain Networks Discriminate Between Face and Non-face Processing: A Single-Trial EEG Study.

Face processing is a spatiotemporal dynamic process involving widely distributed and closely connected brain regions. Although previous studies have examined the topological differences in brain networks between face and non-face processing, the time-varying patterns at different processing stages have not been fully characterized. In this study, dynamic brain networks were used to explore the mechanism of face processing in human brain.

Development of a Wearable Glove System with Multiple Sensors for Hand Kinematics Assessment.

In traditional hand function assessment, patients and physicians always need to accomplish complex activities and rating tasks. This paper proposes a novel wearable glove system for hand function assessment. A sensing system consisting of 12 nine-axis inertial and magnetic unit (IMMU) sensors is used to obtain the acceleration, angular velocity, and geomagnetic orientation of human hand movements.

Specific Neuronal Oscillatory Coupling over Frontal and Occipito-temporal Regions during Face Perception.

Specific neuronal oscillatory activity had been considered as the underling mechanism for face processing. However, few studies focused on the neuronal oscillatory coupling between neuronal assembles during face perception. In this study, we investigated the neuronal oscillatory coupling when human was in a face/non-face perceptual task.