Analysis of longitudinal patterns of child maltreatment reports in the United States.

Background: Child maltreatment is a continuous and prevalent issue, and victims of maltreatment often suffer adverse effects well into adulthood. Since child maltreatment rates tend to be clustered geographically and temporally, intervention programs are best implemented at a local level, targeting local risk factors for sustained and effective reduction over time.

Objective: Quantifying geographic variation in child maltreatment rate trajectories can help states identify local risk factors to guide program development and resource allocation.

Alterations in large-scale resting-state network nodes following transcranial focused ultrasound of deep brain structures.

Background: Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a brain stimulation approach that holds promise for the treatment of brain-based disorders. Studies in humans have shown that tFUS can successfully modulate perfusion in focal sonication targets, including the amygdala; however, limited research has explored how tFUS impacts large-scale neural networks.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to address this gap and examine changes in resting-state connectivity between large-scale network nodes using a randomized, double-blind, within-subjects crossover study design.

Axillary Surgery in Breast Cancer - Primary Results of the INSEMA Trial.

Background: Whether surgical axillary staging as part of breast-conserving therapy can be omitted without compromising survival has remained unclear.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, noninferiority trial, we investigated the omission of axillary surgery as compared with sentinel-lymph-node biopsy in patients with clinically node-negative invasive breast cancer staged as T1 or T2 (tumor size, ≤5 cm) who were scheduled to undergo breast-conserving surgery. We report here the per-protocol analysis of invasive disease-free survival (the primary efficacy outcome).

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Patient Selection for Preoperative Portal Vein Embolization for Patients with Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.

Purpose: To develop a machine learning algorithm to improve hepatic resection selection for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) by predicting post-portal vein embolization (PVE) outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter retrospective study (2000-2020) included 200 consecutive patients with CRC liver metastases planned for PVE before surgery. Data on radiomic features and laboratory values were collected.

Preliminary Examination of the Effects of Focused Ultrasound on Living Skin and Temperature at the Skin-Transducer Interface.

Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation (tFUS) is a new, rapidly growing field related to the study and treatment of brain circuits. Establishing safety cutoffs for focused ultrasound is crucial for non-ablative neurological ultrasound experiments. In addition to potential focal heating, there is concern about temperature elevation at the skin surface.

Palbociclib in Combination with either Aromatase Inhibitors or Fulvestrant for Patients with Advanced HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer in Germany: Final Results of the Phase 2 Multicohort INGE-B Trial.

Introduction: The INGE-B trial (NCT02894398) aimed to confirm the efficacy and safety data from the PALOMA trials for patients treated first line (1L) with palbociclib (PAL) and letrozole or 1L and later line with PAL and fulvestrant. In addition, so far lacking evidence for efficacy and safety on the combination of PAL with anastrozole, exemestane (1L), or letrozole (later line) was investigated.

Methods: The prospective, multicenter, multicohort phase 2 trial INGE-B enrolled adult patients with locally advanced, inoperable, or metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer in Germany.

Dimensions of childhood adversity differentially affect autonomic nervous system coordination in response to stress.

It is well-established that disrupted autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity exacerbates risk for long-term maladjustment following childhood adversity (CA). However, few studies have integrated measures of both the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) branches of the ANS, resulting in a unidimensional understanding of ANS functioning as a mechanism of risk. Further, past work has primarily measured CA only at the aggregate level (e.

Eco-logistical comparison of non-radioactive seeds and the wire-guided localization for intraoperative detection of breast lesions.

Background: The current standard for the preoperative marking of non-palpable breast lesions is wire guided localization (WGL) which is associated with logistical efforts and patient discomfort. Non-radioactive seeds (NRS) recently challenged the use of WGL; but do they provide a better alternative from a logistical and environmental perspective?

Methods: WGL standard was compared with NRS available in Germany: Magseed®, Pintuition®, SAVI SCOUT ® and LOCalizer™ on a logistical and carbon-footprinting basis. In the logistical analysis the number of patient contacts with the healthcare system for lesion localization/removal and the number of breast punctures were evaluated in two different clinical scenarios (primary surgery and secondary surgery after neoadjuvant treatment).

Adherence to a Healthful Plant-Based Diet and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Individuals with Diabetes.

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent among people with diabetes. While identifying modifiable risk factors to prevent a decline in kidney function among those living with diabetes is pivotal, there is limited evidence on dietary risk factors for CKD. In this study, we examined the associations between healthy and less healthy plant-based diets (PBDs) and the risk of CKD among those with diabetes, and to identify potential underlying mechanisms.

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis as a Benign Condition Mimicking Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Current Status, Knowledge Gaps and Rationale for the GRAMAREG Study (EUBREAST-15).

Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign inflammatory breast condition often mistaken for inflammatory breast cancer and, therefore, requires a biopsy for accurate diagnosis. Although not cancerous, IGM can cause emotional distress because of severe pain and ensuing breast deformity. Differentiating IGM from other breast inflammations caused by infections is essential.

Parental Depression Symptoms, Skin Conductance Level Reactivity and Parenting: Associations with Youth Psychopathology.

Parental depression symptoms are a prevalent risk factor for internalizing and externalizing problems in youth, with parenting and parents' physiological stress reactivity representing potential contributing factors in the intergenerational transmission of psychopathology symptoms. In a sample of adolescents (N = 97) and their parents, the current study examined parental depression symptoms, an observational measure of parenting, and parents' physiological reactivity during a dyadic conflict discussion task in association with adolescents' internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Parental depression symptoms and harsh/insensitive parenting showed positive associations with youth psychopathology symptoms.

A flavonoid-rich diet is associated with lower risk and improved imaging biomarkers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Mechanistic studies and short-term randomized trials suggest higher intakes of dietary flavonoids may protect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Objectives: We aimed to perform the first population-based study with long-term follow-up on flavonoid consumption, incident NAFLD, and validated NAFLD biomarkers.

Methods: In a prospective study, we assessed the associations between flavonoid intake based on ≥2 24-h dietary assessments and NAFLD risk among 121,064 adults aged 40-69 y by multivariable Cox regression analyses.

Prediction of High Nodal Burden in Patients With Sentinel Node-Positive Luminal ERBB2-Negative Breast Cancer.

Importance: In patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) breast cancer and 1 or 2 sentinel lymph node (SLN) macrometastases, omitting completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) is standard. High nodal burden (≥4 axillary nodal metastases) is an indication for intensified treatment in luminal breast cancer; hence, abstaining from CALND may result in undertreatment.

Objective: To develop a prediction model for high nodal burden in luminal ERBB2-negative breast cancer (all histologic types and lobular breast cancer separately) without CALND.

A cohesive strain cluster causes benthic cyanotoxic blooms in rivers worldwide.

Over the last two decades, proliferations of benthic cyanobacteria producing derivatives of anatoxin-a have been reported in rivers worldwide. Here, we follow up on such a toxigenic event happening in the Areuse river in Switzerland and investigate the diversity and genomics of major bloom-forming riverine benthic cyanobacteria. We show, using 16S rRNA-based community profiling, that benthic communities are dominated by Oscillatoriales.

Adherence to a healthful plant-based diet and risk of mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Plant-rich dietary patterns may protect against negative health outcomes among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), although aspects of plant-based diet quality have not been studied. This study aimed to examine associations between healthful and unhealthful plant-based dietary patterns with risk of all-cause mortality among CKD patients for the first time.

Methods: This prospective analysis included 4807 UK Biobank participants with CKD at baseline.

Association between substituting macronutrients and all-cause mortality: a network meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.

Background: Suboptimal diet quality is a key risk factor for premature death. Assuming relatively stable energy intake among individuals, changes in nutrient intakes occur by exchanging different nutrients. Therefore we aimed to examine the association of isocaloric substitution of dietary (macro)nutrients with all-cause mortality using network meta-analysis (NMA).

Exploring the health benefits of raw white garlic consumption in humans: a mini review.

Introduction: Raw white garlic, a fundamental food in both culinary and medicinal practices globally, has gained attention for its potential health benefits. Despite widespread use, clinical research has predominantly focused on aged black garlic or garlic extracts, leaving raw white garlic consumption in humans underexplored. This mini review aims to summarize the evidence from clinical and observational studies on the health effects of raw white garlic consumption.

Ernst B. Haas, liberal nationalism and the double-edged nature of European identity.

While Ernst B. Haas is recognized among European integration scholars as a founding figure of neo-functionalism, his later writing on nationalism is less known to European integration scholars. I contribute to this special issue by discussing Haas' later work on liberal nationalism and by reflecting on its insights for the study of collective identities in the European Union today.

Flavonoid intakes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adult asthma, and lung function: a cohort study in the UK Biobank.

Background: Given their antioxidative stress, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating effects, flavonoids are hypothesized to play a role in preventing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.

Objectives: This cohort study aimed to examine associations between flavonoid intake and COPD, asthma, and lung function.

Methods: Among 119,466 participants of the UK Biobank, median [interquartile range] age of 60 [53, 65] y, we estimated intakes of flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and a flavodiet score from 24-h diet assessments.