Generation of Retinal Progenitor Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Spherical Neural Mass.

Spherical neural mass (SNM) is a mass of neural precursors that have been used to generate neuronal cells with advantages of long-term passaging capability with high yield, easy storage, and thawing. In this study, we differentiated neural retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived SNMs. RPCs were differentiated from SNMs with a noggin/fibroblast growth factor-basic/Dickkopf-1/Insulin-like growth factor-1/fibroblast growth factor-9 protocol for three weeks.

THE EFFECT OF PHOTOPIGMENT BLEACHING ON FUNDUS AUTOFLUORESCENCE IN ACUTE CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of photobleaching on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images in acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: We obtained prephotobleaching and postphotobleaching images using an Optomap 200Tx, and photobleaching was induced with a Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2. Degrees of photobleaching were assessed as grayscale values in Optomap images.

The Effects of Alcohol on Visual Evoked Potential and Multifocal Electroretinography.

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of ethanol administration on pattern-reversal visual evoked potential (VEP) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Fifteen healthy subjects with no ocular or general disease were recruited. VEP (0.

Peripapillary choroidal thickness after intravitreal ranibizumab injections in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate peripapillary choroidal thickness (CT) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to assess whether peripapillary CT is affected by intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) in eyes with neovascular AMD.

Methods: Peripapillary and subfoveal CT were measured in spectral domain optical coherence tomography images from 39 eyes of neovascular AMD patients and 39 eyes of age-matched controls retrospectively. The patients were treated with 0.

Comparison of intravitreal aflibercept and ranibizumab injections on subfoveal and peripapillary choroidal thickness in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: We aimed to compare changes in subfoveal and peripapillary choroidal thickness (CT) after intravitreal aflibercept or ranibizumab injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Medical records of 54 treatment-naïve, consecutive patients (54 eyes) who were diagnosed with neovascular AMD and received three monthly injections of aflibercept (21 eyes) or ranibizumab (33 eyes) were reviewed. Subfoveal and peripapillary CT were measured with images obtained using spectral domain optical coherence tomography at baseline and at three months.

Peripapillary choroidal thickness in patients with early age-related macular degeneration and reticular pseudodrusen.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate peripapillary and macular choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with or without reticular pseudodrusen (RPD).

Methods: We investigated the medical records of 89 patients (89 eyes) with early AMD. The eyes were grouped into three categories according to the extent of RPD: no RPD, localized RPD, and diffuse RPD.

PERIPAPILLARY CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY: Is Choroid Outside the Macula Also Thick?

Purpose: To investigate peripapillary choroidal thickness (CT) outside the macula in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 34 patients with unilaterally symptomatic idiopathic CSC and 34 age-matched controls. Subfoveal and peripapillary CT were measured from images obtained by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Central serous chorioretinopathy fundus autofluorescence comparison with two different confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopes.

Purpose: To compare the lesion characteristics of two different types of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) autofluorescence (AF) images in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: The study included 63 eyes of 61 patients; 63 pairs of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images were compared before CSC resolution in 63 eyes, FAF images of 31 eyes were also compared after CSC resolution. The lesion characteristics (brightness and composite pattern) were compared between Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2 (HRA2; Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) and Optomap Tx (Optomap; Optos, Scotland) FAF images.

Subconjunctival hemorrhage after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) and evaluate the relationship between hemodynamic status at the time of injection and SCH.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 598 cases of 173 patients who underwent intravitreal injection of ranibizumab whose hemodynamic status was monitored at the time of the injection. Cases with SCH after the injection were included in the SCH group.

Risk factors for posterior synechiae of the iris after 23-gauge phacovitrectomy.

Aim: To identify risk factors for the development of posterior synechiae of the iris (PSI) after 23-gauge phacovitrectomy.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed in consecutive Asian patients treated with 23-gauge phacovitrectomy with a 3-piece intraocular lens (IOL) or a single-piece 4 haptics IOL.

Results: A total of 263 eyes from 242 patients were included in the study.

The correlation between retinal sensitivity assessed by microperimetry and contrast sensitivity in diabetic macular oedema.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between contrast sensitivity (CS) and retinal sensitivity (RS) assessed by microperimetry (MP) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) with clinically significant macular oedema (CSME).

Methods: A retrospective study was performed with 35 eyes of 35 patients with DR and CSME. Retinal thickness (RT) and MP were tested with the spectral SD-optical coherence topography/scanning laser ophthalmoscope system.

Retinal topography of myopic eyes: a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate topographic characteristics of the retina in myopic eyes.

Methods: We reviewed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of patients with myopia retrospectively. Retinal topography (RT) was defined as the topography of the retinal pigment epithelium layers.

The change of macular thickness following single-session pattern scan laser panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To identify the incidence and risk factors of macular edema development following single-session pattern scan laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for eyes with diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed in consecutive patients who underwent single-session PRP for diabetic retinopathy. The eyes with baseline central subfield retinal thickness (CRT) less than 300 μm were included.

The use of a 20-gauge valved cannula during pars plana phacofragmentation with a 23-gauge ultrasonic fragmatome.

Background And Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of a 20-gauge cannula to maintain a self-sealing sclerotomy wound after 23-gauge phacofragmentation.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study compared the suture rates after 23-gauge phacofragmentation when the 23-gauge cannula was temporarily replaced with a 20-gauge valved metal cannula versus when the 23-gauge fragmatome was inserted at the sclerotomy site without a cannula.

Results: Whereas a sclerotomy was sutured in all 31 eyes in the without-cannula group, only one eye of 14 in the cannula group required a sclerotomy suture (P < .

Iatrogenic occlusion of the ophthalmic artery after cosmetic facial filler injections: a national survey by the Korean Retina Society.

Importance: Iatrogenic occlusion of the ophthalmic artery and its branches is a rare but devastating complication of cosmetic facial filler injections.

Objective: To investigate clinical and angiographic features of iatrogenic occlusion of the ophthalmic artery and its branches caused by cosmetic facial filler injections.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Data from 44 patients with occlusion of the ophthalmic artery and its branches after cosmetic facial filler injections were obtained retrospectively from a national survey completed by members of the Korean Retina Society from 27 retinal centers.

Biometric characteristics of eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the biometric characteristics of eyes with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Medical records of 52 consecutive patients with unilateral CSC were reviewed. Central serous chorioretinopathy was diagnosed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fluorescein angiography.

Characteristics of cystoid spaces in type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia on spectral domain optical coherence tomography images.

Purpose: To investigate the morphologic and topographic characteristics of intraretinal cystoid spaces in eyes with Type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia (MacTel 2).

Methods: Using B-scan and en face images of eyes with MacTel 2 taken from a spectral domain optical coherence tomography database, the circularities and mean gray values of the cystoid spaces were measured to determine their boundaries and reflectivity. The characteristics of cystoid spaces in MacTel 2 eyes were compared with those in eyes with Type 1 idiopathic macular telangiectasia (MacTel 1), retinal vein occlusion, and diabetic macular edema, which are caused by vascular leakage.

Comparison of cornea endothelial cell counts after combined phacovitrectomy versus pars plana vitrectomy with fragmentation.

Background: To compare postoperative cornea endothelial cell loss between combined phacovitrectomy and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with fragmentation.

Methods: Eighty-eight consecutive patients (92 eyes) who underwent combined phacovitrectomy (53 eyes from 50 patients) or PPV with fragmentation (39 eyes from 38 patients) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Endothelial cell density (ECD) was calculated with specular microscopy at 1 and 3 months after surgery.

Three-dimensional configuration of subretinal fluid in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the 3-dimensional (3D) configuration of subretinal fluid (SRF) in idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT).

Methods: The OCT images of patients with CSC were reviewed retrospectively. The 3D configurations of SRF were assessed using a modified segmentation algorithm of SDOCT.

Calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in the anterior chamber of the eye in a patient with renal hyperparathyroidism.

Purpose: To report a case of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in the anterior chamber of a patient with renal hyperparathyroidism.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 54-year-old man visited our clinic with mild ocular pain and decreased visual acuity in his left eye.

Effects of ginkgo biloba extract on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells under chemical hypoxia.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under chemical hypoxia.

Materials And Methods: RPE cells (ARPE-19) were cultured in either untreated media (control group), media treated with 200 μM cobalt chloride (hypoxia group) or media treated with both 200 μM cobalt chloride and 100 μg/ml GBE (hypoxia + GBE group) for various amounts of time. HIF-1α and VEGF expression were compared between groups.

Simplified method to measure the peripapillary choroidal thickness using three-dimensional optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate a simplified method to measure peripapillary choroidal thickness using commercially available, three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT).

Methods: 3D-OCT images of normal eyes were consecutively obtained from the 3D-OCT database of Korea University Medical Center On the peripapillary images for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) analysis, choroidal thickness was measured by adjusting the segmentation line for the retinal pigment epithelium to the chorioscleral junction using the modification tool built into the 3D-OCT image viewer program. Variations of choroidal thickness at 12 sectors of the peripapillary area were evaluated.