Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management of Chyle Leak Following Esophagectomy for Cancers: An International Consensus Statement.

Unlabelled: This Delphi exercise aimed to gather consensus surrounding risk factors, diagnosis, and management of chyle leaks after esophagectomy and to develop recommendations for clinical practice.

Background: Chyle leaks following esophagectomy for malignancy are uncommon. Although they are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, diagnosis and management of these patients remain controversial and a challenge globally.

Intraoperative Tobramycin Powder Prevents Enterobacter cloacae Surgical Site Infections in a Rabbit Model of Internal Fixation.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative tobramycin powder in preventing surgical site infection (SSI) and implant colonization with Enterobacter cloacae in a rabbit fixation model. Gram-negative rods, particularly Enterobacter species, comprise an increasing percentage of SSI at our institution.

Methods: Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits underwent surgical fixation of the left tibia with implantation of a plate and screws.

Evidence-based care pathways for management of early childhood caries.

The purpose of this article is to provide general dentists with simple care pathways for evidence-based early childhood caries chronic disease management (ECC-CDM). Early childhood caries, defined as the presence of dental caries in children younger than 6 years old, is a chronic disease that has been traditionally managed with conventional restorative care. There are limits to the long-term success of restorative care alone, and the care pathways in the ECC-CDM model include additional treatment modalities such as fluoride varnish, silver diamine fluoride, interim therapeutic restorations, and sealants.

Relationship Between Xanthelasma Palpebrarum and Hyperlipidemia.

Background: Xanthelasma palpebrarum is a common periorbital lesion that occurs in middle-aged woman. Dyslipidemia was strongly associated with the occurrence of xanthelasma. Different treatment methods for xanthelasma were applied with comparable results.

L-type calcium channels and μ-opioid receptors are involved in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of naloxone.

Background: We sought to elucidate the effects of naloxone on regulating the up-regulation of inflammatory molecules and activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) induced by endotoxin. Possible roles of the μ-opioid receptors and L-type calcium channels in mediating the effects of naloxone in this regard were also investigated.

Materials And Methods: RAW264.

Simulation analysis of the performance of target-controlled infusion of propofol in Chinese patients.

Background: The performance of target-controlled infusion (TCI) devices is important for the safety of patients. This study examined the performance of two propofol pharmacokinetic parameter sets in Chinese patients by computer simulation.

Methods: Two sets of propofol pharmacokinetic parameters respectively derived from Marsh's and Schnider's studies were compared with those obtained in Chinese subjects from Li's study.

Cubic AgPb(m)SbTe(2+m): bulk thermoelectric materials with high figure of merit.

The conversion of heat to electricity by thermoelectric devices may play a key role in the future for energy production and utilization. However, in order to meet that role, more efficient thermoelectric materials are needed that are suitable for high-temperature applications. We show that the material system AgPb(m)SbTe(2+m) may be suitable for this purpose.

Induction of antinociception and increased met-enkephalin plasma levels by cyclosporine and morphine in rats: implications of the combined use of cyclosporine and morphine and acute posttransplant neuropsychosis.

Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) and morphine have neurotoxic and psychiatric side effects, respectively. Endogenous opiatelike peptides can elicit a number of behavioral responses that mimic the symptoms of psychiatric illness. The purpose of this study was to quantitiate the changes of Met-enkephalin (ME) and beta-endorphin (BE) after administration of CsA and morphine in surgery and to assess the antinociceptive effect.