Allometrically scaling tissue forces drive pathological foreign-body responses to implants via Rac2-activated myeloid cells.

Small animals do not replicate the severity of the human foreign-body response (FBR) to implants. Here we show that the FBR can be driven by forces generated at the implant surface that, owing to allometric scaling, increase exponentially with body size. We found that the human FBR is mediated by immune-cell-specific RAC2 mechanotransduction signalling, independently of the chemistry and mechanical properties of the implant, and that a pathological FBR that is human-like at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels can be induced in mice via the application of human-tissue-scale forces through a vibrating silicone implant.

Nitric oxide-releasing gel accelerates healing in a diabetic murine splinted excisional wound model.

Introduction: According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), 9-12 million patients suffer from chronic ulceration each year, costing the healthcare system over USD $25 billion annually. There is a significant unmet need for new and efficacious therapies to accelerate closure of non-healing wounds. Nitric Oxide (NO) levels typically increase rapidly after skin injury in the inflammatory phase and gradually diminish as wound healing progresses.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 as a Potential Biomarker in 631 Human Implant-Induced Fibrotic Capsules: Analysis and Biomarker Study.

Background: Capsular fibrosis (CF) often occurs around biomedical devices following implantation causing pain, discomfort, and device failure. Breast implantation remains among the most common medical procedures worldwide. Revealing specific genes that drive fibrotic deposition will help us to garner a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and develop different strategies to combat it.

The effect of radiotherapy on fat engraftment for complete breast reconstruction using lipofilling only.

Purpose: Lipofilling has been established as a standard technique for contour enhancement following breast reconstruction. However, there is a paucity in current literature regarding the use of this technique for complete reconstruction of the female breast as an alternative to conventional techniques, such as expander or flap-based procedures. In particular, the influence of pre-operative irradiation for successful reconstruction has rarely been examined in published studies.

Disrupting biological sensors of force promotes tissue regeneration in large organisms.

Tissue repair and healing remain among the most complicated processes that occur during postnatal life. Humans and other large organisms heal by forming fibrotic scar tissue with diminished function, while smaller organisms respond with scarless tissue regeneration and functional restoration. Well-established scaling principles reveal that organism size exponentially correlates with peak tissue forces during movement, and evolutionary responses have compensated by strengthening organ-level mechanical properties.

SEM and TEM for identification of capsular fibrosis and cellular behavior around breast implants - a descriptive analysis.

Background: Capsular fibrosis (CF) is the most common long-term complication in implant-based breast augmentation. It is well accepted that the foreign body response (FBR) instigates the development of fibrotic disease. Our study aims to compare murine and human samples of CF and describe the cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM).

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Descriptive Review of the Technology and Current Application in Chronic Wounds.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) serves as "primary" or "adjunctive" therapy in a wide range of pathologies. It is considered the mainstay of management for potentially life-threatening conditions such as carbon monoxide poisoning, decompression illness, and gas embolisms. Moreover, HBOT has been utilized for decades as an adjunctive therapy in a variety of medical disciplines, including chronic wounds, which affect approximately 6.

Occult Pathologic Findings in Reduction Mammaplasty in 5781 Patients-An International Multicenter Study.

Breast cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world, affecting one in eight women in their lifetimes. The disease places a substantial burden on healthcare systems in developed countries and often requires surgical correction. In spite of this, much of the breast cancer pathophysiology remains unknown, allowing for the cancer to develop to later stages prior to detection.

Macrophage Subpopulation Dynamics Shift following Intravenous Infusion of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is thought to be a viable treatment for numerous disorders. Although the intrinsic immunosuppressive ability of MSCs has been credited for this therapeutic effect, their exact impact on endogenous tissue-resident cells following delivery has not been clearly characterized. Moreover, multiple studies have reported pulmonary sequestration of MSCs upon intravenous delivery.

Mechanotransduction in Wound Healing and Fibrosis.

Skin injury is a common occurrence and mechanical forces are known to significantly impact the biological processes of skin regeneration and wound healing. Immediately following the disruption of the skin, the process of wound healing begins, bringing together numerous cell types to collaborate in several sequential phases. These cells produce a multitude of molecules and initiate multiple signaling pathways that are associated with skin disorders and abnormal wound healing, including hypertrophic scars, keloids, and chronic wounds.

Incidence of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Breast-Implant-Associated Lymphoma-An Analysis of a Certified Tumor Registry over 17 Years.

Background: Breast-implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BI-ALCL) and primary breast ALCL are rare extranodal manifestations of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The rarity of both diseases, along with unreleased sales data on breast implants and constant updates of classification systems impede the calculation of an exact incidence.

Methods: The database of the Tumor Center Regensburg in Bavaria was searched for patients with CD30-positive and ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma between 2002 and 2018.

Recommendations for the Use of Antibiotics in Primary and Secondary Esthetic Breast Surgery.

The use of systemic prophylactic antibiotics to reduce surgical-site infection in esthetic breast surgery remains controversial, although the majority of surgeons prefer to utilize antibiotics to prevent infection. Nonetheless, postoperative acute and subclinical infection and capsular fibrosis are among the most common complications following implant-based breast reconstruction. After esthetic breast augmentation, up to 2.

Impaired Neovascularization in Aging.

The skin undergoes an inevitable degeneration as an individual ages. As intrinsic and extrinsic factors degrade the structural integrity of the skin, it experiences a critical loss of function and homeostatic stability. Thus, aged skin becomes increasingly susceptible to injury and displays a prolonged healing process.

Beneath the Surface: A Review of Laser Remodeling of Hypertrophic Scars and Burns.

Hypertrophic scars, keloids, and burn injuries of the skin have a significant impact on patients' lives and impact the health care system tremendously. Treating skin wounds and lesions can be challenging, with a variety of choices available for treatment. Scar and burn managements range from invasive, surgical options such as scar excision to less invasive, nonsurgical alternatives such as laser therapy or topical drug application.

Impact of platelet-rich plasma on cell migration processes after external radiation.

Background: To overcome the compromised wound healing in radiation induced chronic wounds platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as therapeutic agent, is current subject of studies. PRP is associated with pro-angiogenic effects. Nevertheless, effects of platelet-rich plasma in cutaneous wound healing processes are poorly understood so far.

Capsular fibrosis in aesthetic and reconstructive-cancer patients: A retrospective analysis of 319 cases.

Background: Implant-based breast augmentation is one of the most frequently performed operations in plastic surgery worldwide, for aesthetic and reconstructive reasons. Capsular fibrosis is the most common long-term foreign body response after breast implant augmentation.

Objective: To compare the occurrence of capsular contracture in aesthetic and reconstructive-cancer patients, including those patients who received radiotherapy prior to breast reconstruction with implants.

Effects of different concentrations of Platelet-rich Plasma and Platelet-Poor Plasma on vitality and differentiation of autologous Adipose tissue-derived stem cells.

Background: Autologous fat grafts and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be used to treat soft tissue defects. However, the results are inconsistent and sometimes comprise tissue resorption and necrosis. This might be due to insufficient vascularization.

[Need for a German Breast Implant Registry - Pilot Project Breast Implant Template].

Background: Scandals concerning breast implants confuse patients, medical doctors and the public. Till now legally binding consequences are missing despite repeated requests. The aim of this study was to establish and implement a breast implant template for our clinic to increase the patient's safety and the assessment of implants in course of time.

Breast implants and possible association with ALCL: A retrospective study including a histological analysis of 296 explanted breast tissues and current literature.

Aim: To identify a possible connection between anaplastic large cell lymphoma and different types of breast implants.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of 296 breast tissues of 227 women with different breast implant types undergoing surgical revision or explantation between January 2000 and June 2015. Histological and selected immunohistochemical analyses of CD30-&ALK-1-markers of the breast capsules were performed.

Imaging of idle breast implants with ultrasound-strain elastography- A first experimental study to establish criteria for accurate imaging of idle implants via ultrasound-strain elastography.

Aim: To investigate whether there are fundamental sonographic and elastographic criteria to precisely assess different surfaces and fillings of idle breast implants and to determine their most distinctive parameters. This was a comparative study of different unused breast implant materials, neighter in animals nor in humans. This knowledge should be transferred in vivo to develop an objective measurement tool.

Semiquantitative measurements of capsular contracture with elastography--first results in correlation to Baker Score.

Background: To estimate the presence and severity of capsular contracture in patients after breast implants an objective measurement tool is necessary.

Patients And Methods: Eleven patients (range of age 37 to 53 years) who underwent cosmetic breast augmentation (seven patients with bilateral implants) or breast reconstruction by mammary asymmetry (four patients unilateral) with smooth silicone gel implants were included in this prospective study. In total seventeen implants were examined clinically and with the colour coded Ultrasound Elastography using a multifrequency probe (5-10 MHz Siemens Antares Premium VFX13-5).