Great ape abundance and per capita carbon storage in their habitats.

The ecological importance of great apes is widely recognised, yet few studies have highlighted the role of protecting great apes' habitats in mitigating climate change, particularly through carbon sequestration. This study used GIS tools to extract data from various sources, including the International Union for Conservation of Nature database, to examine carbon quantity and great ape abundance in African great ape habitats. Subsequently, we employed a generalised linear model to assess the relationship between locally measured great ape populations abundance and carbon storage across areas with different levels of protection.

Discovery of Novel Herpes Simplexviruses in Wild Gorillas, Bonobos, and Chimpanzees Supports Zoonotic Origin of HSV-2.

Viruses closely related to human pathogens can reveal the origins of human infectious diseases. Human herpes simplexvirus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are hypothesized to have arisen via host-virus codivergence and cross-species transmission. We report the discovery of novel herpes simplexviruses during a large-scale screening of fecal samples from wild gorillas, bonobos, and chimpanzees.

Geographically structured genomic diversity of non-human primate-infecting subsp. .

Many non-human primate species in sub-Saharan Africa are infected with subsp. , the bacterium causing yaws in humans. In humans, yaws is often characterized by lesions of the extremities and face, while subsp.

Public perception of predictive cancer genetic testing and research in Oregon.

The potential for using widespread genetic testing to inform health care has become a viable option, particularly for heritable cancers. Yet, little is known about how to effectively communicate the benefits and risks of both personal genetic testing and participation in biorepositories that aid scientific advancements. Nationwide efforts are engaging communities in large genetic studies to better estimate the population-wide prevalence of heritable cancers but have been met with hesitance or declination to participate in some communities.

Ungulate management in European national parks: Why a more integrated European policy is needed.

1. Primary objectives of national parks usually include both, the protection of natural processes and species conservation. When these objectives conflict, as occurs because of the cascading effects of large mammals (i.

Effects of Land cover change on Great Apes distribution at the Lobéké National Park and its surrounding Forest Management Units, South-East Cameroon. A 13 year time series analysis.

Understanding the effects of land cover change on wildlife distribution is very important for resource management and conservation planning. This paper aimed at detecting the effects of land cover change on great apes distribution at the Lobéké National Park and its bounded forest management units (FMUs). Data on great ape nests were collected in the field for the years 2001 and 2014 through distance sampling with line transects.

CD4 receptor diversity in chimpanzees protects against SIV infection.

Human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV/SIVs) use CD4 as the primary receptor to enter target cells. Here, we show that the chimpanzee CD4 is highly polymorphic, with nine coding variants present in wild populations, and that this diversity interferes with SIV envelope (Env)-CD4 interactions. Testing the replication fitness of SIVcpz strains in CD4 T cells from captive chimpanzees, we found that certain viruses were unable to infect cells from certain hosts.

Nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for flexible sleeping patterns and insights into human evolution.

Objectives: We investigated occurrences and patterns of terrestrial nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and modelled the influence of various ecological predictors on nocturnal activity.

Methods: Data were extracted from terrestrial camera-trap footage and ecological surveys from 22 chimpanzee study sites participating in the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee. We described videos demonstrating nocturnal activity, and we tested the effects of the percentage of forest, abundance of predators (lions, leopards and hyenas), abundance of large mammals (buffalos and elephants), average daily temperature, rainfall, human activity, and percent illumination on the probability of nocturnal activity.

Persistent anthrax as a major driver of wildlife mortality in a tropical rainforest.

Anthrax is a globally important animal disease and zoonosis. Despite this, our current knowledge of anthrax ecology is largely limited to arid ecosystems, where outbreaks are most commonly reported. Here we show that the dynamics of an anthrax-causing agent, Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis, in a tropical rainforest have severe consequences for local wildlife communities.

The socio-economic drivers of bushmeat consumption during the West African Ebola crisis.

Bushmeat represents an important source of animal protein for humans in tropical Africa. Unsustainable bushmeat hunting is a major threat to wildlife and its consumption is associated with an increased risk of acquiring zoonotic diseases, such as Ebola virus disease (EVD). During the recent EVD outbreak in West Africa, it is likely that human dietary behavior and local attitudes toward bushmeat consumption changed in response to the crisis, and that the rate of change depended on prevailing socio-economic conditions, including wealth and education.

The SHIELD (Safety & Health Improvement: Enhancing Law Enforcement Departments) Study: Mixed Methods Longitudinal Findings.

The SHIELD (Safety & Health Improvement: Enhancing Law Enforcement Departments) Study is a worksite wellness team-based intervention among police and sheriff departments assessing the program's effectiveness to reduce occupational risks and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. The SHIELD program focused on improving diet, physical activity, body weight and sleep, and reducing the effects of unhealthy stress and behaviors, such as tobacco and substance abuse. The SHIELD team-based health promotion program was found to be feasible and effective at 6 months in improving diet, sleep, stress, and overall quality of life of law enforcement department personnel.

Prognostic value of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT imaging in acute aortic syndromes: comparison with serological biomarkers of inflammation.

Aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) findings and serological biomarkers of inflammation and the related discriminant value of unfavourable outcome during follow-up in patients with acute aortic syndromes (AAS). Sixty patients with AAS underwent PET-CT imaging during the hospitalization along with measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer (D-d) serum levels. An aortic wall pathology was considered PET-positive by a maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) >2.

Locating chimpanzee nests and identifying fruiting trees with an unmanned aerial vehicle.

Monitoring of animal populations is essential for conservation management. Various techniques are available to assess spatiotemporal patterns of species distribution and abundance. Nest surveys are often used for monitoring great apes.

Whole-body [¹⁸F]FDG PET/MRI vs. PET/CT in the assessment of bone lesions in oncological patients: initial results.

Objectives: To compare [(18)F]FDG PET/MRI with PET/CT for the assessment of bone lesions in oncologic patients.

Methods: This prospective study included 67 patients with solid tumours scheduled for PET/CT with [(18)F]FDG who also underwent a whole-body PET/MRI scan. The datasets (PET/CT, PET/MRI) were rated by two readers regarding lesion conspicuity (four-point scale) and diagnostic confidence (five-point scale).

Depiction and characterization of liver lesions in whole body [¹⁸F]-FDG PET/MRI.

Objectives: To assess the value of PET/MRI with [(18)F]-FDG using a whole body protocol for the depiction and characterization of liver lesions in comparison to PET/CT.

Methods: 70 patients (31 women, 39 men) with solid tumors underwent [(18)F]-FDG PET/CT and followed by an additional PET/MRI using an integrated scanner. Two readers rated the datasets (PET/CT; PET/MRI) regarding conspicuity of hepatic lesions (4-point ordinal scale) and diagnostic confidence (5-point ordinal scale).

Simultaneous 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/MRI in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: initial results.

Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to demonstrate the potential of simultaneously acquired 68-Gallium-DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (68Ga-DOTATOC) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in comparison with 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with known gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).

Materials And Methods: Eight patients (4 women and 4 men; mean [SD] age, 54 [17] years; median, 55 years; range 25-74 years) with histopathologically confirmed NET and scheduled 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT were prospectively enrolled for an additional integrated PET/MRI scan. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed using a triple-phase contrast-enhanced full-dose protocol.

Optimizing positron emission tomography image acquisition protocols in integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.

Objectives: In integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the PET data acquisition is performed simultaneously to the magnetic resonance data acquisition, leaving latitude for the duration of PET acquisition time. This establishes emission time as an important parameter in forthcoming PET/MRI protocols because it is one of the key factors determining PET image quality. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to identify optimal duration of PET acquisition time in PET/MRI.

Factors in adoption of a fire department wellness program: champ-and-chief model.

Objective: To identify and evaluate determinants of fire departments' wellness program adoption.

Methods: The Promoting Healthy Lifestyles: Alternative Models' Effects fire service wellness program was offered for free to all medium-sized fire departments in Oregon and Washington. An invitation to participate was mailed to key fire department decision makers (chief, union president, and wellness officer).

Body mass index as a predictor of firefighter injury and workers' compensation claims.

Objective: To determine the relationship between lifestyle variables including body mass index and filing a workers' compensation claim due to firefighter injury.

Methods: A cross-sectional evaluation of firefighter injury related to workers" compensation claims occurring 5 years after the original Promoting Healthy Lifestyles: Alternative Models' Effects study intervention.

Results: A logistic regression analysis for variables predicting filing a workers' compensation claim due to an injury was performed with a total of 433 participants.

Changes in staging for hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation prior to liver transplantation as found in the explanted liver.

Background/aims: To analyze the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) prior to liver transplantation (LT) in liver explants.

Methodology: We reviewed pathological findings in the explanted livers of 13 patients with histologically proven HCC and liver cirrhosis who underwent RFA as bridging treatment prior to LT. Eight patients had solitary nodules with a median diameter of 4cm, whereas five patients had two tumors each with a median total diameter of 3.

Selective and sequential transarterial chemoembolization: survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: To assess the survival time of patients with HCC following transarterial chemoembolization performed in a highly selective and sequential way.

Patients And Methods: 124 HCC patients (102 male, 22 female; mean age 63±11 years) treated with selective and sequential chemoembolization at a single center were included. Selective chemoembolization was performed through a coaxially introduced microcatheter in a segmental or subsegmental hepatic artery.

Klatskin-mimicking lesions: still a diagnostical and therapeutical dilemma?

Background/aims: The preoperative as well as the intraoperative differentiation between Klatskin-mimicking lesions and malignant bile duct tumors at hilar bifurcation is still challenging. Our intention was to review the preoperative diagnostics including preoperative CA19-9 and bilirubin serum levels to compare benign and malignant tumors.

Methodology: We analyzed our prospectively established bile duct tumor database.

Long-term research sites as refugia for threatened and over-harvested species.

The presence of researchers, ecotourists or rangers inside protected areas is generally assumed to provide a protective effect for wildlife populations, mainly by reducing poaching pressure. However, this assumption has rarely been empirically tested. Here, we evaluate and quantify the conservation benefits of the presence of a long-term research area in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire.